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.st-1 .st-total.st-hidden {
  display: none;
}
.st-1 .st-total > span {
  font-size: 16px;
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  display: block;
  padding: 0;
}
.st-1 .st-total > span.st-shares {
  font-size: 9px;
  line-height: 9px;
}
.st-1.st-justified {
  display: flex;
  text-align: center;
}
.st-1.st-justified .st-btn {
  -moz-flex: 1;
-ms-flex: 1;
-webkit-flex: 1;
flex: 1;
}
.st-1 .st-btn:hover {
  opacity: .8;
  top: -4px;
}
.st-1 .st-btn[data-network='facebook'] {
  background-color: #4267B2;
}
.st-1 .st-btn[data-network='facebook'] svg {
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}
.st-1 .st-btn[data-network='facebook'] > span {
  color: #fff;
}
.st-1 .st-btn[data-network='twitter'] {
  background-color: #55acee;
}
.st-1 .st-btn[data-network='twitter'] svg {
  fill: #fff;
}
.st-1 .st-btn[data-network='twitter'] > span {
  color: #fff;
}
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</head>

<body>
  <!-- WRAPPER -->
  <div id="bootstrap-wrapper" class="dcb-container container-fluid wrapper">
    <!-- START Top nav content -->
    <nav id="nav_main" class="navbar navbar-default navbar-dcb navbar-fixed-top">
      <div class="container-fluid">
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          <div class="dropdown show-outline" id="dcb-hamburger-mobile">
            <button id="dlabel" type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><i class="fas fa-bars fa-lg"></i></button>
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              <input id="search-2" type="text" class="dcb-search form-control" placeholder="Search" data-brx-ls="template_search"></input>
              <span class="input-group-btn">
                <button data-target="#search-2" class="dcb-search btn btn-default" type="button" data-brx-ls="template_go_mobile">Go</button>
              </span>
            </div><!-- /input-group -->
            <!-- insert#main-menu-items 0 Element 110 -->

            <li class=""><a href="/fr/topics/topic-match-list.php?id=1642" title="Version française">Français</a></li>
            <li class=""><a href="/en/" title="Home">Home</a></li>
            <li class=""><a href="/en/news_feed.html" title="News">News</a></li>
            <li class=""><a href="/en/about_us.php" title="About Us">About Us</a></li>
            <li class=""><a href="/en/contact_us_general.php" title="Contact Us">Contact Us</a></li>
            <li class=""><a href="/en/contact_us_newsletter.php" title="Subscribe">Subscribe</a></li>
            <li class=""><a target="_blank" href="https://donate.utoronto.ca/dcb/" title="Donate">Donate</a></li>

            <!-- insert#main-menu-items 1 Element 110 -->
            <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
          </ul>
          <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
            <!--FACEBOOK TWITTER NAVBAR LINKS-->
            <li><a class="fa-brands fa-square-x-twitter fa-lg" aria-hidden="true" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/dcb_dbc" title="Follow us on Twitter" data-brx-ls="template_follow_twitter"></a></li>
            <li><a class="fab fa-facebook fa-lg" aria-hidden="true" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/dictionaryofcanadianbiography" title="Follow us on Facebook" data-brx-ls="template_follow_facebook"></a></li>
            <!--
            <li><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-brx-dyn="show:logged-in:0" class="topmenu-login-no" onclick="return showLogin();" title="Log in to My DCB" data-brx-ls="template_login">Log In</a></li>
            <li><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-brx-dyn="show:logged-in:0" class="topmenu-login-no" onclick="return ajaxRegister();" title="Register for free for My DCB: you can save biographies and searches to a personal list" data-brx-ls="template_register">Register</a></li>
            <li><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-brx-dyn="show:logged-in:1" onclick="return ajaxLogout();" title="Log out of My DCB" data-brx-ls="template_logout">Log out</a></li>
            <li><a href="/en/mydcb/" data-brx-dyn="show:logged-in:1" class="topmenu-login-yes" title="Your personal page, where you can save favourite biographies and searches" data-brx-ls="template_my_dcb">My DCB</a></li>
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      </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
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    <!-- END Top nav content -->

    <!-- START Header content -->
    <div id="row-top-section" class="container-fluid">
      <div class="row" id="row-breadcrumbs">
        <div id="breadcrumbs" class="col-sm-12" data-brx-ls="template_breadcrumbs">Breadcrumbs</div>
      </div>
      <!-- jtk 7-apr-2019 reader-mode -->
      <div class="row reader-mode" id="row-logo">
        <div class="col-sm-7" id="col-logo">
          <a href="/en/" data-brx-ls="template_home" title="Dictionary of Canadian Biography"><img class="responsive" alt="Dictionary of Canadian Biography" src="/img/dcb_en.svg" data-brx-ls="template_home"></a>
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        <div class="col-sm-5" id="col-search">
          <div class="container-fluid">
            <div class="row" id="search">
              <input type="text" id="simple-search" class="dcb-search simple-input" placeholder="Search" data-brx-ls="template_search"></input>
              <span data-target="#simple-search" class="dcb-search btn-lg glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" id="search_go"></span>
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            <div class="row">
              <div class="float-right" id="tools">
                <!-- start standard tools menu -->
                <nav class="navbar navbar-tools navbar navbar-default">
                  <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar">
                    <li><a href="/en/browse.php" title="Browse content by category" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_browse"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-th-list"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_browse_span">Browse</span></a></li>
                    <li><a href="/en/search.php" title="Use options such as Boolean operators and limiters" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_search"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_search_span">Advanced Search</span></a></li>
                    <li><a href="javascript:void(1);" onclick="return startReaderMode();" title="“Reader mode” hides everything but the navigation bar and the footer. To return to regular mode, click on &quot;Exit reader mode&quot; at top left." data-brx-ls="template_navtools_reader"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-book"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_reader_span">Reader Mode</span></a></li>
                    <li><a href="javascript:void(1);" onclick="return printDocument();" title="Printer-friendly" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_print"> <span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-print"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_print_span">Printer-friendly</span></a></li>
                  </ul>
                </nav>
                <!-- end standard tools menu -->
              </div><!-- #tools -->
            </div><!-- .row -->
          </div><!-- .container-fluid -->
        </div><!-- #col-search -->
      </div><!-- #row-logo -->
    </div><!-- #row-top-section -->
    <!-- END Header content -->

    <!-- Element 111 112 113 -->
    <div style="display:none;" id="announcements" class="row alert-warning col-sm-12 announcements" data-brx-dyn="ajax:content:/en/ajax/announcements.php">
    </div>

    <div id="content-container" class="container-fluid">
      <div class="row mobile-logo">
        <div class="col-md-12">
          <!-- Element 114 115 -->
          <a href="/en/"><img src="/img/dcb_en_sm.svg" alt="mobile"></a>
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-12 .bio-jump">
          <!-- insert#jump-link 0 element 116 -->
          
          <!-- insert#jump-link 1 element 116 -->
        </div>
        <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
      </div>
      <div class="row">
        <!-- jtk 7-apr-2019 -->
        <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-lg-3 col-xl-2 content-left reader-mode" id="sidebar">
          <div id="sidebar-inner">
            <nav class="dcb-generic-sidebar">
              <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked">
                <div class="row sidebar-dropdown-extra">
                  <input type="text" id="nav-search" class="dcb-search simple-input" placeholder="Search" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_search"></input>
                  <span data-target="#nav-search" class="dcb-search btn-lg glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" id="nav-search_go"></span>
                </div>
                <div class="row sidebar-french-home sidebar-dropdown-extra">
                  <!-- custom:dynamic_feed_6:mobile_menu Element 120 -->
                  <!-- insert#mobile-menu-items 0 Element 120 -->

                  <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="...">
                    <div class="btn-group" role="group">
                      <a href="/fr/topics/topic-match-list.php?id=1642" title="Version française"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Français</button></a>
                    </div>

                    <div class="btn-group" role="group">
                      <a href="/en/" title="Home"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Home</button></a>
                    </div>

                  </div>
                  <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="...">
                    <div class="btn-group" role="group">
                      <a href="/en/news_feed.html" title="News"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">News</button></a>
                    </div>

                    <div class="btn-group" role="group">
                      <a href="/en/about_us.php" title="About Us"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">About Us</button></a>
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                  </div>
                  <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="...">
                    <div class="btn-group" role="group">
                      <a href="/en/contact_us_general.php" title="Contact Us"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Contact Us</button></a>
                    </div>

                    <div class="btn-group" role="group">
                      <a href="/en/contact_us_newsletter.php" title="Subscribe"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Subscribe</button></a>
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                  </div>
                  <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="...">
                    <div class="btn-group" role="group">
                      <a target="_blank" href="https://donate.utoronto.ca/dcb/" title="Donate"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Donate</button></a>
                    </div>

                  </div>
                  <!-- insert#mobile-menu-items 1 Element 120 -->
                  <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                </div>
                <!-- sidebar-inner -->

                <!-- nav-OUTLINE -->

                <!-- Element 550. section-* tags are used to set style to display:none; if the section is not used for the page.  -->
                <nav style="display:none;" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey">
                  <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked">
                    <li role="presentation">
                      <!-- title#outline-description content#outline-caption element 131 132 -->
                      <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-outline-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Outline">Outline</a>
                      <div id="bio-outline-sidenav" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true">

                        <!--
                        listgroup syntax :: listgroup:data_source:format

                        format parameter may be all, start, end, li

                        Regardless of format, each generates list items from data_source. Formats allow us to construct a single list group from multiple sources, to add custom li elements

                        all prints <ul class="list-group"> then the items then </ul>
                        start -> ul, li0...liN, end-> li0...liN, /ul
                        li -> just li0...liN

                        -->
                        <!-- insert#outline-content 0 Element 130 -->

                        <!-- insert#outline-content 1 Element 130 -->
                        <!-- {{example:0}} simple --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                      </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-outline-sidenav -->
                    </li>
                  </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills -->
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                <!-- END nav-OUTLINE -->
                <!-- <nav style="display:none;" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> -->
                <section style="display:none;">
                  <!-- insert#outline-full-html 0 Element 130 -->

                  <!-- insert#outline-full-html 1 Element 130 -->
                </section>
                <!-- </nav> -->

                <!--JANUARY 18 2021 JB -->
                <!-- nav THEMES -->
                <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                <nav style="display:none;" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey">
                  <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked">

                    <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                    <li style="display:none;" role="presentation">
                      <!-- title#bio-special-description content#bio-special-caption Element 141 142 -->
                      <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-special-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a>
                      <div id="bio-special-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px;">
                        <!-- format: listgroup Element 140 -->
                        <!-- insert#bio-special-list 0 Element 140 -->

                        <!-- insert#bio-special-list 1 Element 140 -->
                        <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                      </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-special-sidenav -->
                    </li>

                    <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                    <li style="display:none;" role="presentation">
                      <!-- title#bio-topics-description content#bio-topics-caption Element 151 152 -->
                      <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-related-topics-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a>
                      <div id="bio-related-topics-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false">
                        <!-- format: listgroup Element 150 -->
                        <!-- insert#bio-topics-list 0 Element 150 -->

                        <!-- insert#bio-topics-list 1 Element 150 -->
                        <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                      </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-related-topics-sidenav -->
                    </li>

                    <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                    <li style="display:none;" role="presentation">
                      <!-- title#related-bios-description content#related-bios-caption Element 161 162 -->
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                      <div id="bio-related-bios-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px;">
                        <!-- format: listgroup Element 160 -->
                        <!-- insert#related-bios-list 0 Element 160 -->

                        <!-- insert#related-bios-list 1 Element 160 -->
                        <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                      </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-related-topics-sidenav -->
                    </li>
                  </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills -->
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                <!--END nav THEMES -->


                <!-- nav PUBLICATION  -->
                <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                <nav style="display:none;" id="content-doc-history-1" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey">
                  <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked">

                    <li role="presentation">
                      <!-- title#bio-history-description content#bio-history-caption Element 171 172 -->
                      <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-1" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title=""></a>
                      <div id="doc-history-1" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true">
                        <!-- format: listgroup Element 170 -->
                        <!-- insert#bio-history-list 0 Element 170 -->

                        <!-- insert#bio-history-list 1 Element 170 -->
                        <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                      </div><!-- .collapse / # -->
                    </li>
                  </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills -->
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                <!--END nav PUBLICATION -->

                <!-- nav metadata  -->
                <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                <nav style="display:none;" id="content-doc-history-2" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey">
                  <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked">

                    <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                    <li style="display:none;" id="content-doc-history-2-identifiers" role="presentation">
                      <!-- title#metadata-identifiers-description content#metadata-identifiers-caption Element 181 182 -->
                      <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-2-identifiers" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a>
                      <div id="doc-history-2-identifiers" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false">
                        <!-- format: listgroup Element 180 -->
                        <!-- insert#metadata-identifiers-list 0 Element 180 -->

                        <!-- insert#metadata-identifiers-list 1 Element 180 -->
                        <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                      </div><!-- .collapse / # -->
                    </li>

                    <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                    <li style="display:none;" id="content-doc-history-2-birth" role="presentation">
                      <!-- title#metadata-birth-description content#metadata-birth-caption Element 191 192 -->
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                      <div id="doc-history-2-birth" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false">
                        <!-- format: listgroup Element 190 -->
                        <!-- insert#metadata-birth-list 0 Element 190 -->

                        <!-- insert#metadata-birth-list 1 Element 190 -->
                        <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                      </div><!-- .collapse / # -->
                    </li>

                    <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                    <li style="display:none;" id="content-doc-history-2-activity" role="presentation">
                      <!-- title#metadata-activity-description content#metadata-activity-caption Element 201 202 -->
                      <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-2-activity" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a>
                      <div id="doc-history-2-activity" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false">
                        <!-- format: listgroup Element 200 -->
                        <!-- insert#metadata-activity-list 0 Element 200 -->

                        <!-- insert#metadata-activity-list 1 Element 200 -->
                        <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                      </div><!-- .collapse / # -->
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                <!--END nav metadata -->

                <!-- nav SOCIAL 1 -->
                <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                <div class="row" style="display:none;" id="sidebar-social-1">
                  <div class="col-md-12 share-this">
                    <div class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons st-center st-lang-en st-has-labels st-inline-share-buttons st-animated st-1">
                      <div class="st-btn st-first" data-network="facebook" style="display: inline-block;">
                        <img alt="facebook sharing button" src="/img/facebook.svg">
                        <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_facebook">Share</span>
                      </div><!-- .st-btn -->
                      <div class="st-btn st-last" data-network="twitter" style="display: inline-block;">
                        <img alt="twitter sharing button" src="/img/twitter.svg">
                        <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_twitter">Tweet</span>
                      </div><!-- .st-btn -->
                    </div><!-- .sharethis-inline-share-buttons -->
                  </div><!-- .col-md-12 .share-this -->
                </div><!-- .row -->
                <!-- END nav SOCIAL 1 -->

                <!-- nav RED -->
                <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                <nav style="" id="sidebar-main-menu" class="dcb-generic-sidebar dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-red">
                  <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked">
                    <li role="presentation"><a href="/en/new_biographies.html" title="New Biographies" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_new_bios">New Biographies</a></li>
                    <li role="presentation"><a href="/en/updated_biographies.html" title="Minor Corrections" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_updated_bios">Minor Corrections</a></li>
                    <li role="presentation">
                      <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#panelBioOfTheDay" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Read the story of a subject who died or was born on this day" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_botd">Biography of the Day</a>
                      <div id="panelBioOfTheDay" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true">
                        <div class="dcb-image-panel dcb-panel panel">
                          <div class="panel-body">
                            <div class="botd-dynamic feed-item-sidebar" data-brx-dyn="ajax:content:/en/ajax/botd.php">
                              <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                            </div><!--feed-item-sidebar-->
                            <div class="see-all">
                              <strong><a href="/en/bio_of_the_day.html" class="see-all" title="See all previous entries for Biography of the Day" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_botd_all">See previous</a></strong>
                            </div><!--see-all-->
                          </div><!-- .panel-body -->
                        </div><!-- .dcb-image-panel .dcb-panel .panel -->
                      </div><!-- .collapse / #panelBioOfTheDay -->
                    </li>
                    <li role="presentation">
                      <!-- title#special-project-description content#special-project-caption Element 211 212 -->
                      <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#panelSpecialProjects" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Significant themes in Canadian history and guides for educators">Themes, Essays, and Guides</a>
                      <div id="panelSpecialProjects" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true">
                        <!-- format: listgroup-items Element 210 -->
                        <ul class="list-group">
                          <!-- insert#special-project-items 0 Element 210 -->

                          <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special_1812.html" title="The War of 1812">The War of 1812</a></li>
                          <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special_first_world_war.html" title="The First World War">The First World War</a></li>
                          <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special_confederation.html" title="Confederation">Confederation</a></li>
                          <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/en/special_femmes.html" title="Women in the DCB/DBC">Women in the DCB/DBC</a></li>

                          <!-- insert#special-project-items 1 Element 210 -->
                          <div class="dcb-image-panel dcb-panel panel">
                            <div class="panel-body">
                              <div class="see-all">
                                <a href="/en/gallery_special_projects.html" class="see-all" title="See all Themes, Essays, and Guides" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_themes_all">See complete list</a>
                              </div>
                            </div><!-- .panel-body -->
                          </div><!-- .dcb-image-panel .dcb-panel .panel -->
                        </ul>
                        <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->

                      </div><!-- .collapse / #panelSpecialProjects -->
                    </li>
                  </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills -->
                </nav>
                <!--END  nav RED-->

                <!-- nav SOCIAL 2 -->
                <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                <div class="row" style="" id="sidebar-social-2">
                  <div class="col-md-12 share-this">
                    <div class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons st-center st-lang-en st-has-labels st-inline-share-buttons st-animated st-1">
                      <div class="st-btn st-first" data-network="facebook" style="display: inline-block;">
                        <img alt="facebook sharing button" src="/img/facebook.svg">
                        <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_facebook">Share</span>
                      </div><!-- .st-btn -->
                      <div class="st-btn st-last" data-network="twitter" style="display: inline-block;">
                        <img alt="twitter sharing button" src="/img/twitter.svg">
                        <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_twitter">Tweet</span>
                      </div><!-- .st-btn -->
                    </div><!-- .sharethis-inline-share-buttons -->
                  </div><!-- .col-md-12 .share-this -->
                </div><!-- .row -->
                <!-- END nav SOCIAL 2 -->

              </ul>
            </nav>
          </div>
        </div><!-- /#sidebar -->

        <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-lg-9 col-xl-10 content-area" id="content-area">
          <!-- page-content used when bio not published and non-bio pages -->
          <!-- insert#page-content 0 Element 240 used by non-bio pages -->

      <div class="container-fluid">
        <div id="related-bios" class="col-xs-12">
          
          
        </div>

        <div id="related-bios" class="related-pages col-xs-12 col-md-6">
          <h2>Related Biographies</h2>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/en/bio/bickerdike_robert_15E.html" title="BICKERDIKE, ROBERT"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.7225.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/en/bio/bickerdike_robert_15E.html" title="BICKERDIKE, ROBERT">BICKERDIKE, ROBERT</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/en/bio/bourassa_henri_18E.html" title="BOURASSA, HENRI (baptized Joseph-Henry-Napol&eacute;on)"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.155.jpg"></span></a>
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            <a href="/en/bio/lachapelle_severin_14E.html" title="LACHAPELLE, S&Eacute;VERIN (baptized Pierre-Alphonse-S&eacute;verin)">LACHAPELLE, SÉVERIN (baptized Pierre-Alphonse-Séverin)</a>
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            <a href="/en/bio/mcintosh_eliza_ann_15E.html" title="McINTOSH, ELIZA ANN (Reid)">McINTOSH, ELIZA ANN (Reid)</a>
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          <h2>Other Resources</h2>
          <div class='related-item col-xs-12'>
            <a target="_blank" href='http://www.canadahistoryproject.ca/1914/1914-08-women-vote.html' title='Canada A Country by Consent: World War I: Women Get the Vote 1916-1919'><span><img src='/img/placeholder_generic_w50.jpg'></span></a>
            <a target="_blank" href='http://www.canadahistoryproject.ca/1914/1914-08-women-vote.html' title='Canada A Country by Consent: World War I: Women Get the Vote 1916-1919'>Canada A Country by Consent: World War I: Women Get the Vote 1916-1919</a>
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          <div class='related-item col-xs-12'>
            <a target="_blank" href='http://www.canadahistoryproject.ca/1939-45/1939-45-05-women-vote-quebec.html' title='Canada A Country by Consent: World War II: Women Win Vote in Quebec'><span><img src='/img/placeholder_generic_w50.jpg'></span></a>
            <a target="_blank" href='http://www.canadahistoryproject.ca/1939-45/1939-45-05-women-vote-quebec.html' title='Canada A Country by Consent: World War II: Women Win Vote in Quebec'>Canada A Country by Consent: World War II: Women Win Vote in Quebec</a>
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          <div class='related-item col-xs-12'>
            <a target="_blank" href='http://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&dir=his&document=chap2&lang=e' title='Elections Canada Online | A History of the Vote in Canada'><span><img src='/img/placeholder_generic_w50.jpg'></span></a>
            <a target="_blank" href='http://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&dir=his&document=chap2&lang=e' title='Elections Canada Online | A History of the Vote in Canada'>Elections Canada Online | A History of the Vote in Canada</a>
          </div>

          <div class='related-item col-xs-12'>
            <a target="_blank" href='http://web.archive.org/web/20200828112646/https://womensuffrage.org/?p=305' title='The History of Women&rsquo;s Suffrage in Quebec &amp;laquo; Women Suffrage and Beyond'><span><img src='/img/placeholder_generic_w50.jpg'></span></a>
            <a target="_blank" href='http://web.archive.org/web/20200828112646/https://womensuffrage.org/?p=305' title='The History of Women&rsquo;s Suffrage in Quebec &amp;laquo; Women Suffrage and Beyond'>The History of Women’s Suffrage in Quebec &laquo; Women Suffrage and Beyond</a>.

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        var m_url_ut = 'http://www.utoronto.ca/';
        var m_url_ul = 'http://www2.ulaval.ca/en/';
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        // BasePublicHelper variables
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            // here:getJavascriptOnReady
            renderBreadcrumbs();
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<script>
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  };

   $('#myAffix').affix(affixSettings);
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<script src="/js/prettify.js"></script>


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<script src="/js/video.js?id=1001"></script>
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<script src="/js/transition.js"></script>

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if link is replace locally on update. restore it to:
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    <!-- insert#header-post-js 0 Element 043 -->

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  replace <script src="/js/demos.js?id=<?=$version?>"></script>
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  but if it turns out to be required with
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<div id="reader-mode-toast" class="alert alert-info"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-up"></span><?=$reader_caption?></div>
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</html>