Treaty No.1 (1871)

Treaty No.1 was negotiated in August 1871 by Canadian government officials and representatives from the Ojibwe and Swampy Cree nations of southern Manitoba, including Ojibwe chief Peguis’s son, Mis-koo-kee-new. The treaty negotiations took eight days and were marked by conflicting notions of property rights and the relationship between Indigenous people and the crown. Indigenous signatories to the treaty have long protested that many of the promises made by the Canadian government have been left unfulfilled.