was engaged. He started in 1863 in Linwood and subsequently worked in Preston (Cambridge), St Jacobs, and Guelph. Active in athletics and lacrosse in his youth, he joined the Orange order and the

the minority for the emancipation of the Jews. He was an outspoken critic of the Orange order, which he blamed for much of the religious friction in Ireland. As lord lieutenant of County Armagh from

. His interests and entrepreneurial drive extended beyond the arenas of business and politics: he was a member of the first congregation of Augustine Presbyterian Church, established the Independent Order

. McMurray was continuously active in public life. He was a trustee of the Bracebridge Wesleyan Methodist Church, the first such church in Muskoka, and for a time was county master of the Orange order. Two

which experienced turmoil and violence unparalleled in Upper Canada. Local politics, already marked by a bitter tory-reform split, were enlivened further by the Orange order, which, under the aggressive

first took refuge at Fort Orange (Albany, N.Y.), where the authorities kept him in prison for 11 months, believing him to be a spy. Then he went to the French West Indies, where he begged the authorities

organizations; he even became a member of the Orange order. His most notable affiliation occurred in February 1878, when he joined Court Dufferin No.7 of the Independent Order of Foresters. Oronhyatekha’s

Street and was later reported to have called on them to fire above the crowd, only to have the cooler-headed militia commander ignore his order. “Gatling Gun Sharpe,” as the Voice labelled him

was prominent enough to be a target of the Orange order. After passage of the Party Processions and Secret Societies bills, there was a huge, furious Orange demonstration in Toronto on 8 Nov

first aid and home nursing to a number of young people who were among the first to go abroad. She was a founder and regent of the Sir William Osler chapter of the Imperial Order Daughters of the

Thomas). Also included among his designs were coats of arms for several provincial court-houses as well as banners for many local Orange and masonic lodges, and for Toronto’s

Rigaud* de Vaudreuil arrived as reinforcements. A scouting party led by de Muy was sent to the outskirts of Albany “to see if it is true that the Orange River is so covered with bateaux that the water

Nfld. (1896), 466, 488. Elinor Senior, “The origin and political activities of the Orange Order in Newfoundland, 1863–1890” (unpublished ma

“all my Scotch enemy” had gathered together with “the well known Doctor Christie” in order to attack him. Johnston argued that Scottish magistrates displayed an ethnic bias – a complaint echoed a

obtained a leave of absence from the Citizen to serve in South Africa, where he took part in operations in the Transvaal, the Orange River Colony, and the Cape Colony. After one action in 1900, when

founded on “the principles of benevolence and self-defence.” Its existence was justified on the grounds that “Orange excesses” and the apparent reluctance of the local authorities to protect Irish Catholics

suffered because the Orange order was strong in the district and he, as a member of the Church of England establishment, was viewed as not Protestant enough for the voters. After 1873 he returned to his

commitment to English with his detestation of Roman Catholicism and Catholic Ireland. He became an intensely energetic supporter of the Orange order and an enemy of French Quebec. From 1887 to 1890 he went on

over those who followed D’Alton McCarthy, whom Hughes considered “a purely selfish politician.” Although he was grand master for the Orange order in Ontario West, he defended French minority rights in

of his preaching and asserted that he was unable to communicate effectively. In 1797 he had been admitted to priest’s orders and inducted as a missionary of the Society for the Propagation of the