British settlers. His position fitted into the logic of a course of action common to bourgeois reformers, but it can probably also be explained by his independence of mind in regard to the Catholic clergy

provide financial support for clergy and their families in the diocese. Patterson seems never to have married, but he had a daughter, Mary Jane, who

[Ramsay], Bishop Joseph-Octave Plessis*, the clergy, and many other Quebec leaders had lent him their support. A public

Bruchési*, a future archbishop of Montreal, who would later help him make contact with clergy. He also learned the standard practices of surveying with the firm of Perrault et Rielle, and the rudiments

these times the position of the clergy is a most trying one.” From Toronto, Colonel Ingersoll moved on to Montreal, Ottawa, Belleville, and Napanee, where he was undoubtedly warmly welcomed by the town’s

representative proceeded from the port to the church amidst the acclamations of the crowd. The bells pealed forth. Escorted by his clergy, Bishop Laval

*. This association of the clergy and the Métis is not surprising: a people surrounded or threatened by an alien culture frequently find in their church the chief sustainer of their traditions and

prevent him from maintaining a good relationship with the clergy and religious communities. Yet he soon abandoned this kind of social debate to devote himself to more pragmatic and useful medical tasks. His

strongly supported the Lower Canadian colonization movement, which, being led by the clergy, exemplified an ideal type of social action. French Canadians, he wrote, were an “essentially hierarchical and

the church; he managed the finances involved in constructing an extension to the chapel and worked closely with the clergy in the affairs of the Benevolent Irish Society

abolition of seigneurial tenure and the secularization of clergy reserves. On 22 Feb. 1853 the Legislative Assembly appointed him chairman of a

together and prepare them for a life of activism for the good of religion and the homeland.” Backed by the highest levels of the Catholic clergy and inspired by Henri

discontent.” Among the 20 causes he listed were the crown and clergy reserves, the land-granting department, the monopoly of the Canada Company [see Thomas Mercer

. Furthermore, the Grits took up another reform cause with wide popular appeal in Upper Canada: the secularization of the clergy reserves set up by imperial statute at the founding of the province in 1791 to

book, in the form of questions and answers, from which the historian took care to eliminate anything that might offend the clergy. Fortified by the imprimatur of the archbishop of Quebec, the

December the movement was losing momentum with the rigours of winter, the disapproval of the clergy, and the warnings of journalist Joseph-Israël

helped organize Carson’s campaign. The battle for Irish support was bitter, with allegations that the clergy threatened to deny the sacraments to any Catholic who even traded with, let alone voted for

Milnes he expressed the opinion that, given the independence of the church and the ignorance and superstition of the population, the influence exerted over the inhabitants by the clergy and the

Greenway*], and he presided at functions honouring the clergy, sang at the funerals of prominent co-religionists, and represented the Catholic separate schools on the Toronto Board of Education

anyone else to judge political questions for himself. To the Quebec clergy who denounced the Liberal party [see Ignace Bourget*], he