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.fb_iframe_widget{display:inline-block;position:relative}.fb_iframe_widget span{display:inline-block;position:relative;text-align:justify}.fb_iframe_widget iframe{position:absolute}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop,.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop span,.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop iframe{max-width:100%}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop iframe{min-width:220px;position:relative}.fb_iframe_widget_lift{z-index:1}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid{display:inline}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid span{width:100%}</style><style type="text/css">.st-1 {
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  width: 16px;
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}
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  display: inline-block;
  height: 16px;
  width: 16px;
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-ms-flex: 1;
-webkit-flex: 1;
flex: 1;
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}
</style>
</head>

<body>
  <!-- WRAPPER -->
  <div id="bootstrap-wrapper" class="dcb-container container-fluid wrapper">
    <!-- START Top nav content -->
    <nav id="nav_main" class="navbar navbar-default navbar-dcb navbar-fixed-top">
      <div class="container-fluid">
        <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
        <div class="navbar-mobile" id="dcb-mobile-1">
          <div class="dropdown show-outline" id="dcb-hamburger-mobile">
            <button id="dlabel" type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><i class="fas fa-bars fa-lg"></i></button>
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        </div>
        <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="dcb-collapse-1">
          <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
            <!--DROPDOWN-->
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                <i class="fas fa-bars fa-lg"></i>
              </button>
            </div><!--END DROPDOWN-->
            <div class="input-group" id="mobile-search">
              <input id="search-2" type="text" class="dcb-search form-control" placeholder="Search" data-brx-ls="template_search"></input>
              <span class="input-group-btn">
                <button data-target="#search-2" class="dcb-search btn btn-default" type="button" data-brx-ls="template_go_mobile">Go</button>
              </span>
            </div><!-- /input-group -->
            <!-- insert#main-menu-items 0 Element 110 -->

            <li class=""><a href="/fr/topics/topic-match-list.php?id=1422" title="Version française">Français</a></li>
            <li class=""><a href="/en/" title="Home">Home</a></li>
            <li class=""><a href="/en/news_feed.html" title="News">News</a></li>
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            <li class=""><a href="/en/contact_us_general.php" title="Contact Us">Contact Us</a></li>
            <li class=""><a href="/en/contact_us_newsletter.php" title="Subscribe">Subscribe</a></li>
            <li class=""><a target="_blank" href="https://donate.utoronto.ca/dcb/" title="Donate">Donate</a></li>

            <!-- insert#main-menu-items 1 Element 110 -->
            <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
          </ul>
          <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
            <!--FACEBOOK TWITTER NAVBAR LINKS-->
            <li><a class="fa-brands fa-square-x-twitter fa-lg" aria-hidden="true" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/dcb_dbc" title="Follow us on Twitter" data-brx-ls="template_follow_twitter"></a></li>
            <li><a class="fab fa-facebook fa-lg" aria-hidden="true" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/dictionaryofcanadianbiography" title="Follow us on Facebook" data-brx-ls="template_follow_facebook"></a></li>
            <!--
            <li><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-brx-dyn="show:logged-in:0" class="topmenu-login-no" onclick="return showLogin();" title="Log in to My DCB" data-brx-ls="template_login">Log In</a></li>
            <li><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-brx-dyn="show:logged-in:0" class="topmenu-login-no" onclick="return ajaxRegister();" title="Register for free for My DCB: you can save biographies and searches to a personal list" data-brx-ls="template_register">Register</a></li>
            <li><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-brx-dyn="show:logged-in:1" onclick="return ajaxLogout();" title="Log out of My DCB" data-brx-ls="template_logout">Log out</a></li>
            <li><a href="/en/mydcb/" data-brx-dyn="show:logged-in:1" class="topmenu-login-yes" title="Your personal page, where you can save favourite biographies and searches" data-brx-ls="template_my_dcb">My DCB</a></li>
            -->
          </ul>
        </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
      </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
    </nav>
    <!-- END Top nav content -->

    <!-- START Header content -->
    <div id="row-top-section" class="container-fluid">
      <div class="row" id="row-breadcrumbs">
        <div id="breadcrumbs" class="col-sm-12" data-brx-ls="template_breadcrumbs">Breadcrumbs</div>
      </div>
      <!-- jtk 7-apr-2019 reader-mode -->
      <div class="row reader-mode" id="row-logo">
        <div class="col-sm-7" id="col-logo">
          <a href="/en/" data-brx-ls="template_home" title="Dictionary of Canadian Biography"><img class="responsive" alt="Dictionary of Canadian Biography" src="/img/dcb_en.svg" data-brx-ls="template_home"></a>
        </div>
        <div class="col-sm-5" id="col-search">
          <div class="container-fluid">
            <div class="row" id="search">
              <input type="text" id="simple-search" class="dcb-search simple-input" placeholder="Search" data-brx-ls="template_search"></input>
              <span data-target="#simple-search" class="dcb-search btn-lg glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" id="search_go"></span>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
              <div class="float-right" id="tools">
                <!-- start standard tools menu -->
                <nav class="navbar navbar-tools navbar navbar-default">
                  <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar">
                    <li><a href="/en/browse.php" title="Browse content by category" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_browse"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-th-list"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_browse_span">Browse</span></a></li>
                    <li><a href="/en/search.php" title="Use options such as Boolean operators and limiters" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_search"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_search_span">Advanced Search</span></a></li>
                    <li><a href="javascript:void(1);" onclick="return startReaderMode();" title="“Reader mode” hides everything but the navigation bar and the footer. To return to regular mode, click on &quot;Exit reader mode&quot; at top left." data-brx-ls="template_navtools_reader"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-book"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_reader_span">Reader Mode</span></a></li>
                    <li><a href="javascript:void(1);" onclick="return printDocument();" title="Printer-friendly" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_print"> <span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-print"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_print_span">Printer-friendly</span></a></li>
                  </ul>
                </nav>
                <!-- end standard tools menu -->
              </div><!-- #tools -->
            </div><!-- .row -->
          </div><!-- .container-fluid -->
        </div><!-- #col-search -->
      </div><!-- #row-logo -->
    </div><!-- #row-top-section -->
    <!-- END Header content -->

    <!-- Element 111 112 113 -->
    <div style="display:none;" id="announcements" class="row alert-warning col-sm-12 announcements" data-brx-dyn="ajax:content:/en/ajax/announcements.php">
    </div>

    <div id="content-container" class="container-fluid">
      <div class="row mobile-logo">
        <div class="col-md-12">
          <!-- Element 114 115 -->
          <a href="/en/"><img src="/img/dcb_en_sm.svg" alt="mobile"></a>
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-12 .bio-jump">
          <!-- insert#jump-link 0 element 116 -->
          
          <!-- insert#jump-link 1 element 116 -->
        </div>
        <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
      </div>
      <div class="row">
        <!-- jtk 7-apr-2019 -->
        <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-lg-3 col-xl-2 content-left reader-mode" id="sidebar">
          <div id="sidebar-inner">
            <nav class="dcb-generic-sidebar">
              <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked">
                <div class="row sidebar-dropdown-extra">
                  <input type="text" id="nav-search" class="dcb-search simple-input" placeholder="Search" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_search"></input>
                  <span data-target="#nav-search" class="dcb-search btn-lg glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" id="nav-search_go"></span>
                </div>
                <div class="row sidebar-french-home sidebar-dropdown-extra">
                  <!-- custom:dynamic_feed_6:mobile_menu Element 120 -->
                  <!-- insert#mobile-menu-items 0 Element 120 -->

                  <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="...">
                    <div class="btn-group" role="group">
                      <a href="/fr/topics/topic-match-list.php?id=1422" title="Version française"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Français</button></a>
                    </div>

                    <div class="btn-group" role="group">
                      <a href="/en/" title="Home"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Home</button></a>
                    </div>

                  </div>
                  <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="...">
                    <div class="btn-group" role="group">
                      <a href="/en/news_feed.html" title="News"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">News</button></a>
                    </div>

                    <div class="btn-group" role="group">
                      <a href="/en/about_us.php" title="About Us"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">About Us</button></a>
                    </div>

                  </div>
                  <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="...">
                    <div class="btn-group" role="group">
                      <a href="/en/contact_us_general.php" title="Contact Us"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Contact Us</button></a>
                    </div>

                    <div class="btn-group" role="group">
                      <a href="/en/contact_us_newsletter.php" title="Subscribe"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Subscribe</button></a>
                    </div>

                  </div>
                  <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="...">
                    <div class="btn-group" role="group">
                      <a target="_blank" href="https://donate.utoronto.ca/dcb/" title="Donate"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Donate</button></a>
                    </div>

                  </div>
                  <!-- insert#mobile-menu-items 1 Element 120 -->
                  <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                </div>
                <!-- sidebar-inner -->

                <!-- nav-OUTLINE -->

                <!-- Element 550. section-* tags are used to set style to display:none; if the section is not used for the page.  -->
                <nav style="display:none;" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey">
                  <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked">
                    <li role="presentation">
                      <!-- title#outline-description content#outline-caption element 131 132 -->
                      <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-outline-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Outline">Outline</a>
                      <div id="bio-outline-sidenav" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true">

                        <!--
                        listgroup syntax :: listgroup:data_source:format

                        format parameter may be all, start, end, li

                        Regardless of format, each generates list items from data_source. Formats allow us to construct a single list group from multiple sources, to add custom li elements

                        all prints <ul class="list-group"> then the items then </ul>
                        start -> ul, li0...liN, end-> li0...liN, /ul
                        li -> just li0...liN

                        -->
                        <!-- insert#outline-content 0 Element 130 -->

                        <!-- insert#outline-content 1 Element 130 -->
                        <!-- {{example:0}} simple --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                      </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-outline-sidenav -->
                    </li>
                  </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills -->
                </nav>
                <!-- END nav-OUTLINE -->
                <!-- <nav style="display:none;" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> -->
                <section style="display:none;">
                  <!-- insert#outline-full-html 0 Element 130 -->

                  <!-- insert#outline-full-html 1 Element 130 -->
                </section>
                <!-- </nav> -->

                <!--JANUARY 18 2021 JB -->
                <!-- nav THEMES -->
                <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                <nav style="display:none;" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey">
                  <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked">

                    <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                    <li style="display:none;" role="presentation">
                      <!-- title#bio-special-description content#bio-special-caption Element 141 142 -->
                      <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-special-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a>
                      <div id="bio-special-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px;">
                        <!-- format: listgroup Element 140 -->
                        <!-- insert#bio-special-list 0 Element 140 -->

                        <!-- insert#bio-special-list 1 Element 140 -->
                        <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                      </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-special-sidenav -->
                    </li>

                    <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                    <li style="display:none;" role="presentation">
                      <!-- title#bio-topics-description content#bio-topics-caption Element 151 152 -->
                      <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-related-topics-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a>
                      <div id="bio-related-topics-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false">
                        <!-- format: listgroup Element 150 -->
                        <!-- insert#bio-topics-list 0 Element 150 -->

                        <!-- insert#bio-topics-list 1 Element 150 -->
                        <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                      </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-related-topics-sidenav -->
                    </li>

                    <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
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          <h1>South African War (1899–1902)</h1>
          <p>On 13 Oct. 1899, without consulting parliament, Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier agreed to send Canadian volunteers to South Africa to support Great Britain in its war against the Boers. British imperialism, ever present as background, prompted two different visions of the country’s future – imperialism versus nationalism – and divided English and French Canadians. Between 1899 and 1902, Canada dispatched 7,300 men to assist the British in the South African War. The end of the war in May 1902 temporarily eased tensions between English and French Canadians over relations between the mother country and Canada.</p>
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            <a target="_blank" href='http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/first-anglo-boer-war' title='First Anglo Boer War | South African History Online'><span><img src='/img/placeholder_generic_w50.jpg'></span></a>
            <a target="_blank" href='http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/first-anglo-boer-war' title='First Anglo Boer War | South African History Online'>First Anglo Boer War | South African History Online</a>
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            <a target="_blank" href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Boer_War' title='First Boer War - Wikipedia'><span><img src='/img/related-logos/logo-wiki-en_w50.png'></span></a>
            <a target="_blank" href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Boer_War' title='First Boer War - Wikipedia'>First Boer War - Wikipedia</a>
          </div>

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            <a target="_blank" href='http://www.warmuseum.ca/learn/dispatches/for-queen-and-country-canadians-and-the-south-african-war-1899-1902/#tabs' title='For Queen and Country: Canadians and the South African War, 1899-1902 | Dispatches | Learn | Canadian War Museum'><span><img src='/img/placeholder_generic_w50.jpg'></span></a>
            <a target="_blank" href='http://www.warmuseum.ca/learn/dispatches/for-queen-and-country-canadians-and-the-south-african-war-1899-1902/#tabs' title='For Queen and Country: Canadians and the South African War, 1899-1902 | Dispatches | Learn | Canadian War Museum'>For Queen and Country: Canadians and the South African War, 1899-1902 | Dispatches | Learn | Canadian War Museum</a>
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            <a target="_blank" href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa' title='Military history of South Africa - Wikipedia'><span><img src='/img/related-logos/logo-wiki-en_w50.png'></span></a>
            <a target="_blank" href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa' title='Military history of South Africa - Wikipedia'>Military history of South Africa - Wikipedia</a>
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            <a target="_blank" href='http://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=10952' title='Parks Canada - Canada and the South African War National Historic Event'><span><img src='/img/placeholder_generic_w50.jpg'></span></a>
            <a target="_blank" href='http://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=10952' title='Parks Canada - Canada and the South African War National Historic Event'>Parks Canada - Canada and the South African War National Historic Event</a>
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            <a target="_blank" href='http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/second-anglo-boer-war-1899-1902' title='Second Anglo-Boer War 1899 - 1902 | South African History Online'><span><img src='/img/placeholder_generic_w50.jpg'></span></a>
            <a target="_blank" href='http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/second-anglo-boer-war-1899-1902' title='Second Anglo-Boer War 1899 - 1902 | South African History Online'>Second Anglo-Boer War 1899 - 1902 | South African History Online</a>
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            <a target="_blank" href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Boer_War' title='Second Boer War - Wikipedia'><span><img src='/img/related-logos/logo-wiki-en_w50.png'></span></a>
            <a target="_blank" href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Boer_War' title='Second Boer War - Wikipedia'>Second Boer War - Wikipedia</a>
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            <a target="_blank" href='https://www.southafricawargraves.org/' title='South Africa War Graves Project'><span><img src='/img/placeholder_generic_w50.jpg'></span></a>
            <a target="_blank" href='https://www.southafricawargraves.org/' title='South Africa War Graves Project'>South Africa War Graves Project</a>
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            <a target="_blank" href='http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/world-war-one/south-africa-and-world-war-one/' title='South Africa and World War One - History Learning Site'>South Africa and World War One - History Learning Site</a>
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            <a target="_blank" href='http://web.archive.org/web/20231129021936/https://www.canada.ca/en/services/defence/caf/militaryhistory/wars-operations/south-african.html' title='South African War (1899-1902) - Canada.ca'><span><img src='/img/placeholder_generic_w50.jpg'></span></a>
            <a target="_blank" href='http://web.archive.org/web/20231129021936/https://www.canada.ca/en/services/defence/caf/militaryhistory/wars-operations/south-african.html' title='South African War (1899-1902) - Canada.ca'>South African War (1899-1902) - Canada.ca</a>.

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            <a target="_blank" href='http://web.archive.org/web/20210417151257/https://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/history/south-african-war' title='South African War - History - Remembrance - Veterans Affairs Canada'>South African War - History - Remembrance - Veterans Affairs Canada</a>.

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            <a target="_blank" href='https://www.britannica.com/event/South-African-War' title='South African War | British-South African history | Britannica.com'><span><img src='/img/placeholder_generic_w50.jpg'></span></a>
            <a target="_blank" href='https://www.britannica.com/event/South-African-War' title='South African War | British-South African history | Britannica.com'>South African War | British-South African history | Britannica.com</a>
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            <a target="_blank" href='https://qormuseum.org/history/timeline-1900-1924/south-african-war/' title='South African War | The Queen&amp;#039;s Own Rifles of Canada Regimental Museum and Archives'>South African War | The Queen&#039;s Own Rifles of Canada Regimental Museum and Archives</a>
          </div>

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            <a target="_blank" href='https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/military-heritage/south-african-war-1899-1902/Pages/service-files-south-african-war.aspx' title='South African War, 1899-1902 - Service Files, Medals and Land Applications - Library and Archives Canada'>South African War, 1899-1902 - Service Files, Medals and Land Applications - Library and Archives Canada</a>
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            <a target="_blank" href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Wars_(1879%E2%80%931915)' title='South African Wars (1879&ndash;1915) - Wikipedia'>South African Wars (1879–1915) - Wikipedia</a>
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            <a target="_blank" href='http://www.cbc.ca/history/EPISCONTENTSE1EP11CH2PA3LE.html' title='The Boer War'>The Boer War</a>
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            <a target="_blank" href='http://web.archive.org/web/20210804155122/https://www.thoughtco.com/the-boer-war-1779180' title='The Boer War in South Africa (1899-1902)'>The Boer War in South Africa (1899-1902)</a>.

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          <div class='related-item col-xs-12'>
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            <a target="_blank" href='http://www.museedelaguerre.ca/cwm/exhibitions/boer/boerwarhistory_e.shtml' title='WarMuseum.ca - Canada and the South African War (Boer War) - 1899-1902'>WarMuseum.ca - Canada and the South African War (Boer War) - 1899-1902</a>
          </div>

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            <a target="_blank" href='http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/exhibitions/boer/boerwarmaps_e.shtml' title='WarMuseum.ca - South African War - Boer War Maps'>WarMuseum.ca - South African War - Boer War Maps</a>
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        var m_url_ut = 'http://www.utoronto.ca/';
        var m_url_ul = 'http://www2.ulaval.ca/en/';
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            // here:getJavascriptOnReady
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  };

   $('#myAffix').affix(affixSettings);
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<script src="/js/prettify.js"></script>


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<script src="/js/video.js?id=1001"></script>
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<script src="/js/transition.js"></script>

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    <!-- insert#header-post-js 0 Element 043 -->

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