<!-- debug path ["","fr","topics","topic-match-list.php"] -->

<!-- _eachByDataSource:internalOnly=, sql=select record_id from metadata m  where data_source_id='1' and metadata_definition_id='1433' and m.is_active = 1 -->

<!-- _eachByDataSource:open 
{
    "POOR, JOHN ALFRED": "5211",
    "TACH\u00c9, sir \u00c9TIENNE-PASCHAL": "4736",
    "BROWN, GEORGE": "4861",
    "CHAPLEAU, sir JOSEPH-ADOLPHE": "6024",
    "MACDONALD, JOHN SANDFIELD": "5113",
    "LANGEVIN, sir HECTOR-LOUIS": "6840",
    "CARTIER, sir GEORGE-\u00c9TIENNE": "4884",
    "GALT, sir ALEXANDER TILLOCH": "6112",
    "PICKARD, JOHN": "5765",
    "TRUTCH, sir JOSEPH WILLIAM": "7107",
    "BEAVEN, ROBERT": "7196",
    "HOWLAND, sir WILLIAM PEARCE": "6790",
    "WHITEWAY, sir WILLIAM VALLANCE": "7141",
    "HAMILTON, PETER STEVENS (Pierce Stevens Hamilton)": "6142",
    "VAIL, WILLIAM BERRIAN": "7113",
    "STAIRS, WILLIAM JAMES": "7081",
    "MONCK, CHARLES STANLEY, 4e vicomte MONCK": "6306",
    "WINTER, sir JAMES SPEARMAN": "7778",
    "CREIGHTON, DONALD GRANT": "8583",
    "WALKEM, GEORGE ANTHONY": "7124",
    "MUSGRAVE, sir ANTHONY": "5731",
    "HAYTHORNE, ROBERT POORE": "6151",
    "CARRALL (Carroll), ROBERT WILLIAM WEIR": "4881",
    "HELMCKEN, JOHN SEBASTIAN": "7436",
    "DE COSMOS, AMOR (William Alexander Smith)": "6066",
    "CARTER, sir FREDERIC BOWKER TERRINGTON": "6018",
    "BEMISTER, JOHN": "5964",
    "ARCHIBALD, sir ADAMS GEORGE": "5932",
    "JOHNSON, JOHN MERCER": "4513",
    "MACDONALD, ANDREW ARCHIBALD": "7547",
    "LANDRY, AMAND": "5088",
    "TOBIN, JOHN": "4747",
    "WETMORE, ANDREW RAINSFORD": "6494",
    "CARTER, sir JAMES": "4883",
    "COLES, GEORGE": "4908",
    "McDONALD, EDMUND MORTIMER": "5141",
    "PENNY, EDWARD GOFF": "5758",
    "SHEA, sir AMBROSE": "7064",
    "YOUNG, ROBERT": "7160",
    "BOTSFORD, AMOS EDWIN": "5981",
    "MOUSSEAU, JOSEPH-ALFRED": "5724",
    "McLEOD, EZEKIEL": "4589",
    "WILLIAMS, sir WILLIAM FENWICK": "5908",
    "MORRISON, THOMAS FLETCHER": "5719",
    "ALMON, MATHER BYLES": "4791",
    "ANGLIN, TIMOTHY WARREN": "5929",
    "CAMERON, JOHN HILLYARD": "4874",
    "CONNOLLY, THOMAS LOUIS": "4912",
    "FISHER, CHARLES": "4984",
    "JACKMAN, EDWARD MICHAEL": "7469",
    "LAWSON, ALEXANDER": "6221",
    "MORRIS, EDWARD PATRICK, 1er baron MORRIS": "8530",
    "McMILLAN, JOHN (1816-1886)": "5700",
    "RANKIN, ARTHUR": "6388",
    "STEEVES, WILLIAM HENRY": "5278",
    "WEATHERBE (Weatherbee, Weatherby), sir ROBERT LINTON": "7761",
    "ALSOP, ROBERT": "4792",
    "BLACKBURN, JOSIAH": "5374",
    "ELDER, WILLIAM (1822-1883)": "5502",
    "HOGSETT, GEORGE JAMES": "4497",
    "LITTLE, sir JOSEPH IGNATIUS": "6859",
    "OWEN, LEMUEL CAMBRIDGE": "7636",
    "PINSENT, sir ROBERT JOHN": "6367",
    "SCOTT, PATRICK J.": "6422",
    "TODD, WILLIAM (1803-1873)": "5296",
    "ANNAND, WILLIAM": "5341",
    "BENNETT, CHARLES JAMES FOX": "5368",
    "CONNELL, CHARLES": "4911",
    "GRAY, JOHN HAMILTON (1811-1887)": "5555",
    "GARVIE, WILLIAM": "4995",
    "HAVILAND, THOMAS HEATH (1822-1895)": "6150",
    "CHANDLER, EDWARD BARRON": "4890",
    "DOYLE, sir CHARLES HASTINGS": "5490",
    "MITCHELL, PETER": "6301",
    "POPE, JAMES COLLEDGE": "5771",
    "WILKINS, MARTIN ISAAC": "5903",
    "HILL, sir STEPHEN JOHN": "6163",
    "COFFIN, THOMAS (1817-1890)": "5439",
    "HILL, PHILIP CARTERET": "6162",
    "PALMER, EDWARD": "5748",
    "POWER, PATRICK": "5774",
    "FIELDING, WILLIAM STEVENS": "8133",
    "MOWAT, sir OLIVER": "6944",
    "McDOUGALL, WILLIAM": "6901",
    "MACDONALD, sir JOHN ALEXANDER": "6248",
    "TILLEY, sir SAMUEL LEONARD": "6467",
    "TUPPER, sir CHARLES": "7747",
    "McGEE, THOMAS D\u2019ARCY": "4583",
    "HOWE, JOSEPH": "5049",
    "COCKBURN, JAMES": "5438",
    "HATHEWAY, GEORGE LUTHER": "5032",
    "HOLBROOK, HENRY": "6785",
    "HOWATT, CORNELIUS": "6171",
    "HOWLAN, GEORGE WILLIAM": "6791",
    "JOLY DE LOTBINI\u00c8RE, sir HENRI-GUSTAVE": "6809",
    "KILLAM, THOMAS": "4521",
    "LAFRAMBOISE, MAURICE (baptis\u00e9 Maurice-Alexis)": "5631",
    "LAWRENCE, JOSEPH WILSON": "6220",
    "LAWRENCE, WILLIAM DAWSON": "5643",
    "MORRIS, ALEXANDER": "5720",
    "McCULLY, JONATHAN": "5139",
    "POPE, WILLIAM HENRY": "5212",
    "SMITH, sir ALBERT JAMES": "5840",
    "VAIL, EDWIN ARNOLD": "5878",
    "LIVINGSTON, JOHN (1837-1894)": "6238",
    "SANBORN, JOHN SEWELL": "5251",
    "SWEENY, JOHN": "7094",
    "SINCLAIR, PETER": "7069",
    "TOWNSEND, WILLIAM H.": "5299",
    "WHELAN, EDWARD": "4770",
    "BAILLARGEON, CHARLES-FRAN\u00c7OIS": "4275",
    "HOLTON, LUTHER HAMILTON": "5045",
    "HUMPHREYS, THOMAS BASIL": "5598",
    "JONES, ALFRED GILPIN": "6811",
    "KENT, ROBERT JOHN": "6193",
    "MACKENZIE, ALEXANDER": "6252",
    "MURRAY, GEORGE": "5730",
    "ROBSON, JOHN": "6404",
    "SMITH, HENRY WILLIAM": "5836",
    "WILMOT, LEMUEL ALLAN": "5324",
    "BLAKE, EDWARD (baptis\u00e9 Dominick Edward)": "7213",
    "CAMPBELL, sir ALEXANDER (mort en 1892)": "6013",
    "COSTIGAN, JOHN": "7298",
    "CUDLIP, JOHN WATERBURY": "5458",
    "DUNKIN, CHRISTOPHER": "5494",
    "GRAY, JOHN HAMILTON (1814-1889)": "5556",
    "GORDON, ARTHUR HAMILTON, 1er baron STANMORE": "7405",
    "LANCTOT, M\u00c9D\u00c9RIC": "5086",
    "MacDONNELL, sir RICHARD GRAVES": "5672",
    "SEYMOUR, FREDERICK": "4699",
    "SULLIVAN, sir WILLIAM WILFRED": "7728",
    "BLACKADAR, HENRY DUGWELL": "6560",
    "BOND, sir ROBERT": "7899",
    "CAMERON, sir MATTHEW CROOKS": "5414",
    "BOUCHER DE NIVERVILLE, LOUIS-CHARLES": "4308",
    "CAUCHON, JOSEPH (baptis\u00e9 Joseph-\u00c9douard)": "5426",
    "DORION, sir ANTOINE-AIM\u00c9": "6069",
    "McLELAN, ARCHIBALD WOODBURY": "5698",
    "RITCHIE, JOHN WILLIAM": "5799",
    "ROBINSON, sir WILLIAM CLEAVER FRANCIS": "6401",
    "BOURINOT, sir JOHN GEORGE": "6573",
    "CAZEAU, CHARLES-F\u00c9LIX": "5428",
    "DORION, JEAN-BAPTISTE-\u00c9RIC": "4398",
    "HENRY, WILLIAM ALEXANDER": "5577",
    "BLACK, THOMAS REUBEN": "6563",
    "HARRIS, ROBERT": "7425",
    "WILMOT, ROBERT DUNCAN": "6499",
    "BOYD, JOHN (1826-1893)": "5986",
    "FRASER, JOHN JAMES": "6108",
    "GILLMOR, ARTHUR HILL": "6735",
    "LANGTON, JOHN": "6213",
    "REILLY, EDWARD": "5224",
    "YOUNG, sir JOHN, baron Lisgar": "5333",
    "BELLEAU, sir NARCISSE-FORTUNAT (baptis\u00e9 Narcisse)": "5960",
    "CROWE, HARRY JUDSON": "8093",
    "DAOUST (D\u2019Aoust), CHARLES": "4385",
    "DAVIES, sir LOUIS HENRY": "7805",
    "FERGUSSON BLAIR, ADAM JOHNSTON": "4419",
    "FOSTER, WILLIAM ALEXANDER": "5523",
    "THORBURN, sir ROBERT": "7105",
    "BLANCHARD, HIRAM": "4841",
    "LOVITT, JOHN": "6860",
    "RITCHOT, NO\u00cbL-JOSEPH (baptis\u00e9 Joseph-No\u00ebl)": "7021",
    "FERGUSON, DONALD": "6709",
    "HALIBURTON, ROBERT GRANT": "6758",
    "MERCIER, HONOR\u00c9 (1840-1894)": "6295",
    "ROSS, JAMES (1835-1871)": "5241",
    "MILLS, DAVID": "6935",
    "McCARTHY, D\u2019ALTON": "6268",
    "LAURIER, sir WILFRID (baptis\u00e9 Henry-Charles-Wilfrid)": "7514",
    "WALLBRIDGE, LEWIS": "5887",
    "WATSON, SAMUEL JAMES": "5890",
    "AIKINS (Eakins), JAMES COX": "6519",
    "BERNARD, HEWITT": "5969"
}
 -->

<!-- _eachByDataSource:sort 
{
    "AIKINS (Eakins), JAMES COX": "6519",
    "ALMON, MATHER BYLES": "4791",
    "ALSOP, ROBERT": "4792",
    "ANGLIN, TIMOTHY WARREN": "5929",
    "ANNAND, WILLIAM": "5341",
    "ARCHIBALD, sir ADAMS GEORGE": "5932",
    "BAILLARGEON, CHARLES-FRAN\u00c7OIS": "4275",
    "BEAVEN, ROBERT": "7196",
    "BELLEAU, sir NARCISSE-FORTUNAT (baptis\u00e9 Narcisse)": "5960",
    "BEMISTER, JOHN": "5964",
    "BENNETT, CHARLES JAMES FOX": "5368",
    "BERNARD, HEWITT": "5969",
    "BLACK, THOMAS REUBEN": "6563",
    "BLACKADAR, HENRY DUGWELL": "6560",
    "BLACKBURN, JOSIAH": "5374",
    "BLAKE, EDWARD (baptis\u00e9 Dominick Edward)": "7213",
    "BLANCHARD, HIRAM": "4841",
    "BOND, sir ROBERT": "7899",
    "BOTSFORD, AMOS EDWIN": "5981",
    "BOUCHER DE NIVERVILLE, LOUIS-CHARLES": "4308",
    "BOURINOT, sir JOHN GEORGE": "6573",
    "BOYD, JOHN (1826-1893)": "5986",
    "BROWN, GEORGE": "4861",
    "CAMERON, JOHN HILLYARD": "4874",
    "CAMERON, sir MATTHEW CROOKS": "5414",
    "CAMPBELL, sir ALEXANDER (mort en 1892)": "6013",
    "CARRALL (Carroll), ROBERT WILLIAM WEIR": "4881",
    "CARTER, sir FREDERIC BOWKER TERRINGTON": "6018",
    "CARTER, sir JAMES": "4883",
    "CARTIER, sir GEORGE-\u00c9TIENNE": "4884",
    "CAUCHON, JOSEPH (baptis\u00e9 Joseph-\u00c9douard)": "5426",
    "CAZEAU, CHARLES-F\u00c9LIX": "5428",
    "CHANDLER, EDWARD BARRON": "4890",
    "CHAPLEAU, sir JOSEPH-ADOLPHE": "6024",
    "COCKBURN, JAMES": "5438",
    "COFFIN, THOMAS (1817-1890)": "5439",
    "COLES, GEORGE": "4908",
    "CONNELL, CHARLES": "4911",
    "CONNOLLY, THOMAS LOUIS": "4912",
    "COSTIGAN, JOHN": "7298",
    "CREIGHTON, DONALD GRANT": "8583",
    "CROWE, HARRY JUDSON": "8093",
    "CUDLIP, JOHN WATERBURY": "5458",
    "DAOUST (D\u2019Aoust), CHARLES": "4385",
    "DAVIES, sir LOUIS HENRY": "7805",
    "DE COSMOS, AMOR (William Alexander Smith)": "6066",
    "DORION, JEAN-BAPTISTE-\u00c9RIC": "4398",
    "DORION, sir ANTOINE-AIM\u00c9": "6069",
    "DOYLE, sir CHARLES HASTINGS": "5490",
    "DUNKIN, CHRISTOPHER": "5494",
    "ELDER, WILLIAM (1822-1883)": "5502",
    "FERGUSON, DONALD": "6709",
    "FERGUSSON BLAIR, ADAM JOHNSTON": "4419",
    "FIELDING, WILLIAM STEVENS": "8133",
    "FISHER, CHARLES": "4984",
    "FOSTER, WILLIAM ALEXANDER": "5523",
    "FRASER, JOHN JAMES": "6108",
    "GALT, sir ALEXANDER TILLOCH": "6112",
    "GARVIE, WILLIAM": "4995",
    "GILLMOR, ARTHUR HILL": "6735",
    "GORDON, ARTHUR HAMILTON, 1er baron STANMORE": "7405",
    "GRAY, JOHN HAMILTON (1811-1887)": "5555",
    "GRAY, JOHN HAMILTON (1814-1889)": "5556",
    "HALIBURTON, ROBERT GRANT": "6758",
    "HAMILTON, PETER STEVENS (Pierce Stevens Hamilton)": "6142",
    "HARRIS, ROBERT": "7425",
    "HATHEWAY, GEORGE LUTHER": "5032",
    "HAVILAND, THOMAS HEATH (1822-1895)": "6150",
    "HAYTHORNE, ROBERT POORE": "6151",
    "HELMCKEN, JOHN SEBASTIAN": "7436",
    "HENRY, WILLIAM ALEXANDER": "5577",
    "HILL, PHILIP CARTERET": "6162",
    "HILL, sir STEPHEN JOHN": "6163",
    "HOGSETT, GEORGE JAMES": "4497",
    "HOLBROOK, HENRY": "6785",
    "HOLTON, LUTHER HAMILTON": "5045",
    "HOWATT, CORNELIUS": "6171",
    "HOWE, JOSEPH": "5049",
    "HOWLAN, GEORGE WILLIAM": "6791",
    "HOWLAND, sir WILLIAM PEARCE": "6790",
    "HUMPHREYS, THOMAS BASIL": "5598",
    "JACKMAN, EDWARD MICHAEL": "7469",
    "JOHNSON, JOHN MERCER": "4513",
    "JOLY DE LOTBINI\u00c8RE, sir HENRI-GUSTAVE": "6809",
    "JONES, ALFRED GILPIN": "6811",
    "KENT, ROBERT JOHN": "6193",
    "KILLAM, THOMAS": "4521",
    "LAFRAMBOISE, MAURICE (baptis\u00e9 Maurice-Alexis)": "5631",
    "LANCTOT, M\u00c9D\u00c9RIC": "5086",
    "LANDRY, AMAND": "5088",
    "LANGEVIN, sir HECTOR-LOUIS": "6840",
    "LANGTON, JOHN": "6213",
    "LAURIER, sir WILFRID (baptis\u00e9 Henry-Charles-Wilfrid)": "7514",
    "LAWRENCE, JOSEPH WILSON": "6220",
    "LAWRENCE, WILLIAM DAWSON": "5643",
    "LAWSON, ALEXANDER": "6221",
    "LITTLE, sir JOSEPH IGNATIUS": "6859",
    "LIVINGSTON, JOHN (1837-1894)": "6238",
    "LOVITT, JOHN": "6860",
    "MACDONALD, ANDREW ARCHIBALD": "7547",
    "MACDONALD, JOHN SANDFIELD": "5113",
    "MACDONALD, sir JOHN ALEXANDER": "6248",
    "MACKENZIE, ALEXANDER": "6252",
    "MERCIER, HONOR\u00c9 (1840-1894)": "6295",
    "MILLS, DAVID": "6935",
    "MITCHELL, PETER": "6301",
    "MONCK, CHARLES STANLEY, 4e vicomte MONCK": "6306",
    "MORRIS, ALEXANDER": "5720",
    "MORRIS, EDWARD PATRICK, 1er baron MORRIS": "8530",
    "MORRISON, THOMAS FLETCHER": "5719",
    "MOUSSEAU, JOSEPH-ALFRED": "5724",
    "MOWAT, sir OLIVER": "6944",
    "MURRAY, GEORGE": "5730",
    "MUSGRAVE, sir ANTHONY": "5731",
    "MacDONNELL, sir RICHARD GRAVES": "5672",
    "McCARTHY, D\u2019ALTON": "6268",
    "McCULLY, JONATHAN": "5139",
    "McDONALD, EDMUND MORTIMER": "5141",
    "McDOUGALL, WILLIAM": "6901",
    "McGEE, THOMAS D\u2019ARCY": "4583",
    "McLELAN, ARCHIBALD WOODBURY": "5698",
    "McLEOD, EZEKIEL": "4589",
    "McMILLAN, JOHN (1816-1886)": "5700",
    "OWEN, LEMUEL CAMBRIDGE": "7636",
    "PALMER, EDWARD": "5748",
    "PENNY, EDWARD GOFF": "5758",
    "PICKARD, JOHN": "5765",
    "PINSENT, sir ROBERT JOHN": "6367",
    "POOR, JOHN ALFRED": "5211",
    "POPE, JAMES COLLEDGE": "5771",
    "POPE, WILLIAM HENRY": "5212",
    "POWER, PATRICK": "5774",
    "RANKIN, ARTHUR": "6388",
    "REILLY, EDWARD": "5224",
    "RITCHIE, JOHN WILLIAM": "5799",
    "RITCHOT, NO\u00cbL-JOSEPH (baptis\u00e9 Joseph-No\u00ebl)": "7021",
    "ROBINSON, sir WILLIAM CLEAVER FRANCIS": "6401",
    "ROBSON, JOHN": "6404",
    "ROSS, JAMES (1835-1871)": "5241",
    "SANBORN, JOHN SEWELL": "5251",
    "SCOTT, PATRICK J.": "6422",
    "SEYMOUR, FREDERICK": "4699",
    "SHEA, sir AMBROSE": "7064",
    "SINCLAIR, PETER": "7069",
    "SMITH, HENRY WILLIAM": "5836",
    "SMITH, sir ALBERT JAMES": "5840",
    "STAIRS, WILLIAM JAMES": "7081",
    "STEEVES, WILLIAM HENRY": "5278",
    "SULLIVAN, sir WILLIAM WILFRED": "7728",
    "SWEENY, JOHN": "7094",
    "TACH\u00c9, sir \u00c9TIENNE-PASCHAL": "4736",
    "THORBURN, sir ROBERT": "7105",
    "TILLEY, sir SAMUEL LEONARD": "6467",
    "TOBIN, JOHN": "4747",
    "TODD, WILLIAM (1803-1873)": "5296",
    "TOWNSEND, WILLIAM H.": "5299",
    "TRUTCH, sir JOSEPH WILLIAM": "7107",
    "TUPPER, sir CHARLES": "7747",
    "VAIL, EDWIN ARNOLD": "5878",
    "VAIL, WILLIAM BERRIAN": "7113",
    "WALKEM, GEORGE ANTHONY": "7124",
    "WALLBRIDGE, LEWIS": "5887",
    "WATSON, SAMUEL JAMES": "5890",
    "WEATHERBE (Weatherbee, Weatherby), sir ROBERT LINTON": "7761",
    "WETMORE, ANDREW RAINSFORD": "6494",
    "WHELAN, EDWARD": "4770",
    "WHITEWAY, sir WILLIAM VALLANCE": "7141",
    "WILKINS, MARTIN ISAAC": "5903",
    "WILLIAMS, sir WILLIAM FENWICK": "5908",
    "WILMOT, LEMUEL ALLAN": "5324",
    "WILMOT, ROBERT DUNCAN": "6499",
    "WINTER, sir JAMES SPEARMAN": "7778",
    "YOUNG, ROBERT": "7160",
    "YOUNG, sir JOHN, baron Lisgar": "5333"
}
 -->

<!-- _eachByDataSource:internalOnly=all, sql=select record_id from metadata m inner join resources r on m.record_id = r.id  where data_source_id='8' and metadata_definition_id='1433' and m.is_active = 1 and (r.language_id is null or r.language_id=0 or r.language_id=3 or r.language_id=2) and (r.url not like "%biographi.ca%/bio/%") and (r.url not like "%/seo/add-url%") -->

<!-- _eachByDataSource:open 
{
    "La Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration | Notre pays, notre Parlement": {},
    "Histoire (3): L'Union de 1840 et la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration de 1867": {},
    "Entr\u00e9e de Terre-Neuve dans la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration": {},
    "Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration canadienne \u2014 Wikip\u00e9dia": {},
    "Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration - l'Encyclop\u00e9die Canadienne": {}
}
 -->

<!-- _eachByDataSource:sort 
{
    "Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration - l'Encyclop\u00e9die Canadienne": {},
    "Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration canadienne \u2014 Wikip\u00e9dia": {},
    "Entr\u00e9e de Terre-Neuve dans la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration": {},
    "Histoire (3): L'Union de 1840 et la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration de 1867": {},
    "La Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration | Notre pays, notre Parlement": {}
}
 -->

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="js cssanimations">
<!-- vim: set ts=2 sw=2 expandtab : -->
<!-- debug jtk 2020-11 a, bio -->
<head>
    <!-- 172.105.29.39 Element 010 comment#ip -->

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
    <meta name="msvalidate.01" content="1410A94B8EF57EB5E09DF8429A48077F" />
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no" />
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://platform-api.sharethis.com/js/sharethis.js#property=65b0432b92c73d001906c92a&product=inline-share-buttons" async="async"></script>
    <!-- insert#seo-tags insert#author-tags 0 Element 011 012 -->
    <meta property="og:title" content="Confédération – Dictionnaire biographique du Canada" />
    <meta property="og:type" content="website" />
    <meta property="og:type-check" content="website" />
    <meta property="og:url" content="http://www.biographi.ca/fr/topics/topic-match-list.php?id=1433" />
    <meta property="og:site_name" content="Dictionnaire biographique du Canada" />
    <meta property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
    <meta property="twitter:site" content="@dbc_dcb" />
    <meta property="twitter:creator" content="@dbc_dcb" />
    <meta property="twitter:title" content="Confédération – Dictionnaire biographique du Canada" />

    <meta name="removed-author" content="DCB/DBC Staff, John Beadle Graphic Designer" />
    <!-- insert#seo-tags insert#author-tags 1 Element 011 012 -->

    <!-- content#html-title Element 020 -->
    <title>Confédération &ndash; Dictionnaire biographique du Canada</title>

    <!--
    cdn versions
    bootstrap.min.css TO <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu" crossorigin="anonymous">
    all.css           TO <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.1/css/all.css">
    jquery-ui.min.css TO <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.css" integrity="sha512-aOG0c6nPNzGk+5zjwyJaoRUgCdOrfSDhmMID2u4+OIslr0GjpLKo7Xm0Ao3xmpM4T8AmIouRkqwj1nrdVsLKEQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" />
    jquery-ui-2.css   TO <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.13.2/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.min.css" integrity="sha512-Mvnc3gzZhD8rZtNMHJkotZpdfvAHunpqankLPnj3hXpphETXpxbfr4+oNMOzF179JYu8B8/EqruGdpsH5fNYww==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" />
    -->

    <!-- BOOTSTRAP CDN -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu" crossorigin="anonymous">

    <!-- FONT AWESOME 5 -->
    <!-- link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.1/css/all.css" -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v6.5.1/css/all.css">
    <script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/a5049f3fd8.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>


    <!-- JQUERY UI -->
    <!-- NOT in JB bio page BUT may be needed for some pages
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.css" integrity="sha512-aOG0c6nPNzGk+5zjwyJaoRUgCdOrfSDhmMID2u4+OIslr0GjpLKo7Xm0Ao3xmpM4T8AmIouRkqwj1nrdVsLKEQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.13.2/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.min.css" integrity="sha512-Mvnc3gzZhD8rZtNMHJkotZpdfvAHunpqankLPnj3hXpphETXpxbfr4+oNMOzF179JYu8B8/EqruGdpsH5fNYww==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" />
    -->


    <!-- PLUGINS CSS -->
    <!--
    CDN copies of the owl and lightgallery and sharethis
      with <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.3.4/assets/owl.carousel.css">
      with <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.3.4/assets/owl.theme.default.css">
      with <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lightgallery/1.6.12/css/lightgallery.min.css" integrity="sha512-UMUaaaRK/i2ihAzNyraiLZzT8feWBDY+lLnBnhA3+MEfQn4jaNJMGBad6nyklImf7d0Id6n/Jb0ynr7RCpyNPQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" />
      with <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lightgallery/1.6.12/css/lg-transitions.min.css" integrity="sha512-TLkzsbRon8DBy6TwaafTGapb+90/t0ZsGes1jMyHKaImbAUSTaedyS8HbDQOZt3H+j1s4BFKUlWXcPBEJNtPgw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" />
      with <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/share-this/1.3.1/share-this.min.css" integrity="sha512-D2vagE/4+QTyP2FukMZNoZxcO1Uqcd0SsnqczdOm+zu35XDsFDIroYXxDD0WrYbyPFKD1vUmhxaCC3kR8WBNZA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" />

    <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/css/plugin-shared.css">
    -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.3.4/assets/owl.carousel.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.3.4/assets/owl.theme.default.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lightgallery/1.6.12/css/lightgallery.min.css" integrity="sha512-UMUaaaRK/i2ihAzNyraiLZzT8feWBDY+lLnBnhA3+MEfQn4jaNJMGBad6nyklImf7d0Id6n/Jb0ynr7RCpyNPQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lightgallery/1.6.12/css/lg-transitions.min.css" integrity="sha512-TLkzsbRon8DBy6TwaafTGapb+90/t0ZsGes1jMyHKaImbAUSTaedyS8HbDQOZt3H+j1s4BFKUlWXcPBEJNtPgw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/share-this/1.3.1/share-this.min.css" integrity="sha512-D2vagE/4+QTyP2FukMZNoZxcO1Uqcd0SsnqczdOm+zu35XDsFDIroYXxDD0WrYbyPFKD1vUmhxaCC3kR8WBNZA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" />


    <!--LOCAL LINKS -->
    <!-- javascript_time is used extensively, Element 021 -->
    <!-- owl and lightgallery customization querystring#?time=#javascript_time Element 021 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/css/plugin-shared.css?time=1729526934">

    <!-- classes I need that jb did not include in base.css load before base.css so if he overrides these his code will be used-->
    <!-- querystring#?time=#javascript_time Element 021 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/css/shared-base.css?time=1729526934">

    <!-- base css from JB, querystring#?time=#javascript_time Element 021 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/css/base.css?time=1729526934">

    <!-- page-specific style sheet, usually the page name with .css instead of php -->
    <!-- href#page-css-url Element 030 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/css/public_page_topics_match_list.css?time=1729526934">

    <!-- insert#main-menu-items 0 Element 040 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/css/mod_boot_0_0_css_public_page_topics_match_list.css?id=1747443494" />

    <!-- insert#main-menu-items 1 Element 040 -->

    <!-- insert#header-post-css 0 Element 042 -->

    <!-- insert#header-post-css 1 Element 042 -->
    <style>
        .owl-dot {
            display: none;
        }
    </style>
<style type="text/css">.fb_hidden{position:absolute;top:-10000px;z-index:10001}.fb_reposition{overflow:hidden;position:relative}.fb_invisible{display:none}.fb_reset{background:none;border:0;border-spacing:0;color:#000;cursor:auto;direction:ltr;font-family:"lucida grande", tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif;font-size:11px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1;margin:0;overflow:visible;padding:0;text-align:left;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0;text-shadow:none;text-transform:none;visibility:visible;white-space:normal;word-spacing:normal}.fb_reset>div{overflow:hidden}@keyframes fb_transform{from{opacity:0;transform:scale(.95)}to{opacity:1;transform:scale(1)}}.fb_animate{animation:fb_transform .3s forwards}
.fb_dialog{background:rgba(82, 82, 82, .7);position:absolute;top:-10000px;z-index:10001}.fb_dialog_advanced{border-radius:8px;padding:10px}.fb_dialog_content{background:#fff;color:#373737}.fb_dialog_close_icon{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0 0 transparent;cursor:pointer;display:block;height:15px;position:absolute;right:18px;top:17px;width:15px}.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_close_icon{left:5px;right:auto;top:5px}.fb_dialog_padding{background-color:transparent;position:absolute;width:1px;z-index:-1}.fb_dialog_close_icon:hover{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0 -15px transparent}.fb_dialog_close_icon:active{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0 -30px transparent}.fb_dialog_iframe{line-height:0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_title{background:#6d84b4;border:1px solid #365899;color:#fff;font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;margin:0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_title>span{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yd/r/Cou7n-nqK52.gif) no-repeat 5px 50%;float:left;padding:5px 0 7px 26px}body.fb_hidden{height:100%;left:0;margin:0;overflow:visible;position:absolute;top:-10000px;transform:none;width:100%}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/ya/r/3rhSv5V8j3o.gif) white no-repeat 50% 50%;min-height:100%;min-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:0;z-index:10001}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading.centered{background:none;height:auto;min-height:initial;min-width:initial;width:auto}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading.centered #fb_dialog_loader_spinner{width:100%}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading.centered .fb_dialog_content{background:none}.loading.centered #fb_dialog_loader_close{clear:both;color:#fff;display:block;font-size:18px;padding-top:20px}#fb-root #fb_dialog_ipad_overlay{background:rgba(0, 0, 0, .4);bottom:0;left:0;min-height:100%;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:100%;z-index:10000}#fb-root #fb_dialog_ipad_overlay.hidden{display:none}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading iframe{visibility:hidden}.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_iframe{position:sticky;top:0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header{background:linear-gradient(from(#738aba), to(#2c4987));border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:#043b87;box-shadow:white 0 1px 1px -1px inset;color:#fff;font:bold 14px Helvetica, sans-serif;text-overflow:ellipsis;text-shadow:rgba(0, 30, 84, .296875) 0 -1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header table{height:43px;width:100%}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header td.header_left{font-size:12px;padding-left:5px;vertical-align:middle;width:60px}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header td.header_right{font-size:12px;padding-right:5px;vertical-align:middle;width:60px}.fb_dialog_content .touchable_button{background:linear-gradient(from(#4267B2), to(#2a4887));background-clip:padding-box;border:1px solid #29487d;border-radius:3px;display:inline-block;line-height:18px;margin-top:3px;max-width:85px;padding:4px 12px;position:relative}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header .touchable_button input{background:none;border:none;color:#fff;font:bold 12px Helvetica, sans-serif;margin:2px -12px;padding:2px 6px 3px 6px;text-shadow:rgba(0, 30, 84, .296875) 0 -1px 0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header .header_center{color:#fff;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;line-height:18px;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_content{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/y9/r/jKEcVPZFk-2.gif) no-repeat 50% 50%;border:1px solid #4a4a4a;border-bottom:0;border-top:0;height:150px}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_footer{background:#f5f6f7;border:1px solid #4a4a4a;border-top-color:#ccc;height:40px}#fb_dialog_loader_close{float:left}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_close_button{text-shadow:rgba(0, 30, 84, .296875) 0 -1px 0}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_close_icon{visibility:hidden}#fb_dialog_loader_spinner{animation:rotateSpinner 1.2s linear infinite;background-color:transparent;background-image:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yD/r/t-wz8gw1xG1.png);background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;height:24px;width:24px}@keyframes rotateSpinner{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{transform:rotate(360deg)}}
.fb_iframe_widget{display:inline-block;position:relative}.fb_iframe_widget span{display:inline-block;position:relative;text-align:justify}.fb_iframe_widget iframe{position:absolute}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop,.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop span,.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop iframe{max-width:100%}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop iframe{min-width:220px;position:relative}.fb_iframe_widget_lift{z-index:1}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid{display:inline}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid span{width:100%}</style><style type="text/css">.st-1 {
  font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;;
  direction: ltr;
  display: block;
  opacity: 1;
  text-align: center;
  z-index: 94034;
}
.st-1.st-animated {
  -moz-transition: o 0.2s ease-in, p 0.2s ease-in, a 0.2s ease-in, c 0.2s ease-in, i 0.2s ease-in, t 0.2s ease-in, y 0.2s ease-in; -ms-transition: o 0.2s ease-in, p 0.2s ease-in, a 0.2s ease-in, c 0.2s ease-in, i 0.2s ease-in, t 0.2s ease-in, y 0.2s ease-in; -o-transition: o 0.2s ease-in, p 0.2s ease-in, a 0.2s ease-in, c 0.2s ease-in, i 0.2s ease-in, t 0.2s ease-in, y 0.2s ease-in; -webkit-transition: o 0.2s ease-in, p 0.2s ease-in, a 0.2s ease-in, c 0.2s ease-in, i 0.2s ease-in, t 0.2s ease-in, y 0.2s ease-in; transition: o 0.2s ease-in, p 0.2s ease-in, a 0.2s ease-in, c 0.2s ease-in, i 0.2s ease-in, t 0.2s ease-in, y 0.2s ease-in;
}
.st-1.st-hidden {
  opacity: 0;
}
.st-1.st-hide {
  display: none;
}
.st-1 .st-btn {
  -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
-webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
box-sizing: border-box;
  -moz-transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in, top 0.2s ease-in; -ms-transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in, top 0.2s ease-in; -o-transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in, top 0.2s ease-in; -webkit-transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in, top 0.2s ease-in; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in, top 0.2s ease-in;
  -moz-border-radius: 0px;
-webkit-border-radius: 0px;
border-radius: 0px;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 12px;
  height: 32px;
  line-height: 32px;
  margin-right: 8px;
  padding: 0 10px;
  position: relative;
  text-align: center;
  top: 0;
  vertical-align: top;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.st-1 .st-btn:last-child {
  margin-right: 0;
}
.st-1 .st-btn > svg {
  height: 16px;
  width: 16px;
  position: relative;
  top: 8px;
  vertical-align: top;
}
.st-1 .st-btn > img {
  display: inline-block;
  height: 16px;
  width: 16px;
  position: relative;
  top: 8px;
  vertical-align: top;
}
.st-1 .st-btn > span {
  -moz-transition: all 0.2s ease-in; -ms-transition: all 0.2s ease-in; -o-transition: all 0.2s ease-in; -webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease-in; transition: all 0.2s ease-in;
  color: #fff;
  display: inline-block;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
  min-width: 60px;
  opacity: 1;
  padding: 0 6px;
  position: relative;
  vertical-align: top;
}
.st-1.st-has-labels .st-btn {
  min-width: 120px;
}
.st-1.st-has-labels .st-btn.st-remove-label {
  min-width: 50px;
}
.st-1.st-has-labels .st-btn.st-remove-label > span {
  display: none;
}
.st-1.st-has-labels .st-btn.st-hide-label > span {
  display: none;
}
.st-1 .st-total {
  color: #555;
  display: inline-block;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 12px;
  margin-right: 0;
  max-width: 80px;
  padding: 4px 8px;
  text-align: center;
}
.st-1 .st-total.st-hidden {
  display: none;
}
.st-1 .st-total > span {
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 17px;
  display: block;
  padding: 0;
}
.st-1 .st-total > span.st-shares {
  font-size: 9px;
  line-height: 9px;
}
.st-1.st-justified {
  display: flex;
  text-align: center;
}
.st-1.st-justified .st-btn {
  -moz-flex: 1;
-ms-flex: 1;
-webkit-flex: 1;
flex: 1;
}
.st-1 .st-btn:hover {
  opacity: .8;
  top: -4px;
}
.st-1 .st-btn[data-network='facebook'] {
  background-color: #4267B2;
}
.st-1 .st-btn[data-network='facebook'] svg {
  fill: #fff;
}
.st-1 .st-btn[data-network='facebook'] > span {
  color: #fff;
}
.st-1 .st-btn[data-network='twitter'] {
  background-color: #55acee;
}
.st-1 .st-btn[data-network='twitter'] svg {
  fill: #fff;
}
.st-1 .st-btn[data-network='twitter'] > span {
  color: #fff;
}
</style>
</head>

<body>
  <!-- WRAPPER -->
  <div id="bootstrap-wrapper" class="dcb-container container-fluid wrapper">
    <!-- START Top nav content -->
    <nav id="nav_main" class="navbar navbar-default navbar-dcb navbar-fixed-top">
      <div class="container-fluid">
        <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
        <div class="navbar-mobile" id="dcb-mobile-1">
          <div class="dropdown show-outline" id="dcb-hamburger-mobile">
            <button id="dlabel" type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><i class="fas fa-bars fa-lg"></i></button>
          </div><!--END DROPDOWN-->
        </div>
        <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="dcb-collapse-1">
          <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
            <!--DROPDOWN-->
            <div class="dropdown show-outline" id="hamburger">
              <button id="eLabel" type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
                <i class="fas fa-bars fa-lg"></i>
              </button>
            </div><!--END DROPDOWN-->
            <div class="input-group" id="mobile-search">
              <input id="search-2" type="text" class="dcb-search form-control" placeholder="Recherche" data-brx-ls="template_search"></input>
              <span class="input-group-btn">
                <button data-target="#search-2" class="dcb-search btn btn-default" type="button" data-brx-ls="template_go_mobile">Chercher</button>
              </span>
            </div><!-- /input-group -->
            <!-- insert#main-menu-items 0 Element 110 -->

            <li class=""><a href="/en/topics/topic-match-list.php?id=1433" title="English Version">English</a></li>
            <li class=""><a href="/fr/" title="Accueil">Accueil</a></li>
            <li class=""><a href="/fr/fil_de_nouvelles.html" title="Nouvelles">Nouvelles</a></li>
            <li class=""><a href="/fr/a_notre_sujet.php" title="À notre sujet">À notre sujet</a></li>
            <li class=""><a href="/fr/contactez_nous_general.php" title="Contactez-nous">Contactez-nous</a></li>
            <li class=""><a href="/fr/contactez_nous_infolettre.php" title="Infolettre">Infolettre</a></li>
            <li class=""><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ulaval.ca/fondation/faire-un-don/fonds.html?fonds=280&recherche=dictionnaire%2Bbiographi" title="Faire un don">Faire un don</a></li>

            <!-- insert#main-menu-items 1 Element 110 -->
            <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
          </ul>
          <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
            <!--FACEBOOK TWITTER NAVBAR LINKS-->
            <li><a class="fa-brands fa-square-x-twitter fa-lg" aria-hidden="true" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/dbc_dcb" title="Suivez-nous sur Twitter" data-brx-ls="template_follow_twitter"></a></li>
            <li><a class="fab fa-facebook fa-lg" aria-hidden="true" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/dictionnairebiographiqueducanada" title="Suivez-nous sur Facebook" data-brx-ls="template_follow_facebook"></a></li>
            <!--
            <li><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-brx-dyn="show:logged-in:0" class="topmenu-login-no" onclick="return showLogin();" title="Log in to My DCB" data-brx-ls="template_login">Log In</a></li>
            <li><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-brx-dyn="show:logged-in:0" class="topmenu-login-no" onclick="return ajaxRegister();" title="Register for free for My DCB: you can save biographies and searches to a personal list" data-brx-ls="template_register">Register</a></li>
            <li><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-brx-dyn="show:logged-in:1" onclick="return ajaxLogout();" title="Log out of My DCB" data-brx-ls="template_logout">Log out</a></li>
            <li><a href="/en/mydcb/" data-brx-dyn="show:logged-in:1" class="topmenu-login-yes" title="Your personal page, where you can save favourite biographies and searches" data-brx-ls="template_my_dcb">My DCB</a></li>
            -->
          </ul>
        </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
      </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
    </nav>
    <!-- END Top nav content -->

    <!-- START Header content -->
    <div id="row-top-section" class="container-fluid">
      <div class="row" id="row-breadcrumbs">
        <div id="breadcrumbs" class="col-sm-12" data-brx-ls="template_breadcrumbs">Chemin de navigation</div>
      </div>
      <!-- jtk 7-apr-2019 reader-mode -->
      <div class="row reader-mode" id="row-logo">
        <div class="col-sm-7" id="col-logo">
          <a href="/fr/" data-brx-ls="template_home" title="Dictionnaire biographique du Canada"><img class="responsive" alt="Dictionnaire biographique du Canada" src="/img/dcb_fr.svg" data-brx-ls="template_home"></a>
        </div>
        <div class="col-sm-5" id="col-search">
          <div class="container-fluid">
            <div class="row" id="search">
              <input type="text" id="simple-search" class="dcb-search simple-input" placeholder="Recherche" data-brx-ls="template_search"></input>
              <span data-target="#simple-search" class="dcb-search btn-lg glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" id="search_go"></span>
            </div>
            <div class="row">
              <div class="float-right" id="tools">
                <!-- start standard tools menu -->
                <nav class="navbar navbar-tools navbar navbar-default">
                  <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar">
                    <li><a href="/fr/explorer.php" title="Explorer le contenu par catégories" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_browse"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-th-list"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_browse_span">Explorer</span></a></li>
                    <li><a href="/fr/recherche.php" title="Utiliser des fonctions avancées telles que les opérateurs booléens et les limiteurs de champs" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_search"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_search_span">Recherche avancée</span></a></li>
                    <li><a href="javascript:void(1);" onclick="return startReaderMode();" title="En mode lecture, vous ne voyez que la barre de navigation et le bas de page. Pour revenir au mode par défaut, cliquez sur Sortir du mode lecture, en haut à gauche." data-brx-ls="template_navtools_reader"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-book"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_reader_span">Mode lecture</span></a></li>
                    <li><a href="javascript:void(1);" onclick="return printDocument();" title="Version imprimable" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_print"> <span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-print"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_print_span">Version imprimable</span></a></li>
                  </ul>
                </nav>
                <!-- end standard tools menu -->
              </div><!-- #tools -->
            </div><!-- .row -->
          </div><!-- .container-fluid -->
        </div><!-- #col-search -->
      </div><!-- #row-logo -->
    </div><!-- #row-top-section -->
    <!-- END Header content -->

    <!-- Element 111 112 113 -->
    <div style="display:none;" id="announcements" class="row alert-warning col-sm-12 announcements" data-brx-dyn="ajax:content:/fr/ajax/announcements.php">
    </div>

    <div id="content-container" class="container-fluid">
      <div class="row mobile-logo">
        <div class="col-md-12">
          <!-- Element 114 115 -->
          <a href="/fr/"><img src="/img/dcb_fr_sm.svg" alt="mobile"></a>
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-12 .bio-jump">
          <!-- insert#jump-link 0 element 116 -->
          
          <!-- insert#jump-link 1 element 116 -->
        </div>
        <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
      </div>
      <div class="row">
        <!-- jtk 7-apr-2019 -->
        <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-lg-3 col-xl-2 content-left reader-mode" id="sidebar">
          <div id="sidebar-inner">
            <nav class="dcb-generic-sidebar">
              <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked">
                <div class="row sidebar-dropdown-extra">
                  <input type="text" id="nav-search" class="dcb-search simple-input" placeholder="Recherche" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_search"></input>
                  <span data-target="#nav-search" class="dcb-search btn-lg glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" id="nav-search_go"></span>
                </div>
                <div class="row sidebar-french-home sidebar-dropdown-extra">
                  <!-- custom:dynamic_feed_6:mobile_menu Element 120 -->
                  <!-- insert#mobile-menu-items 0 Element 120 -->

                  <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="...">
                    <div class="btn-group" role="group">
                      <a href="/en/topics/topic-match-list.php?id=1433" title="English Version"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">English</button></a>
                    </div>

                    <div class="btn-group" role="group">
                      <a href="/fr/" title="Accueil"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Accueil</button></a>
                    </div>

                  </div>
                  <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="...">
                    <div class="btn-group" role="group">
                      <a href="/fr/fil_de_nouvelles.html" title="Nouvelles"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Nouvelles</button></a>
                    </div>

                    <div class="btn-group" role="group">
                      <a href="/fr/a_notre_sujet.php" title="À notre sujet"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">À notre sujet</button></a>
                    </div>

                  </div>
                  <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="...">
                    <div class="btn-group" role="group">
                      <a href="/fr/contactez_nous_general.php" title="Contactez-nous"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Contactez-nous</button></a>
                    </div>

                    <div class="btn-group" role="group">
                      <a href="/fr/contactez_nous_infolettre.php" title="Infolettre"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Infolettre</button></a>
                    </div>

                  </div>
                  <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="...">
                    <div class="btn-group" role="group">
                      <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ulaval.ca/fondation/faire-un-don/fonds.html?fonds=280&recherche=dictionnaire%2Bbiographi" title="Faire un don"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Faire un don</button></a>
                    </div>

                  </div>
                  <!-- insert#mobile-menu-items 1 Element 120 -->
                  <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                </div>
                <!-- sidebar-inner -->

                <!-- nav-OUTLINE -->

                <!-- Element 550. section-* tags are used to set style to display:none; if the section is not used for the page.  -->
                <nav style="display:none;" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey">
                  <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked">
                    <li role="presentation">
                      <!-- title#outline-description content#outline-caption element 131 132 -->
                      <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-outline-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Sommaire">Sommaire</a>
                      <div id="bio-outline-sidenav" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true">

                        <!--
                        listgroup syntax :: listgroup:data_source:format

                        format parameter may be all, start, end, li

                        Regardless of format, each generates list items from data_source. Formats allow us to construct a single list group from multiple sources, to add custom li elements

                        all prints <ul class="list-group"> then the items then </ul>
                        start -> ul, li0...liN, end-> li0...liN, /ul
                        li -> just li0...liN

                        -->
                        <!-- insert#outline-content 0 Element 130 -->

                        <!-- insert#outline-content 1 Element 130 -->
                        <!-- {{example:0}} simple --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                      </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-outline-sidenav -->
                    </li>
                  </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills -->
                </nav>
                <!-- END nav-OUTLINE -->
                <!-- <nav style="display:none;" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> -->
                <section style="display:none;">
                  <!-- insert#outline-full-html 0 Element 130 -->

                  <!-- insert#outline-full-html 1 Element 130 -->
                </section>
                <!-- </nav> -->

                <!--JANUARY 18 2021 JB -->
                <!-- nav THEMES -->
                <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                <nav style="display:none;" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey">
                  <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked">

                    <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                    <li style="display:none;" role="presentation">
                      <!-- title#bio-special-description content#bio-special-caption Element 141 142 -->
                      <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-special-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a>
                      <div id="bio-special-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px;">
                        <!-- format: listgroup Element 140 -->
                        <!-- insert#bio-special-list 0 Element 140 -->

                        <!-- insert#bio-special-list 1 Element 140 -->
                        <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                      </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-special-sidenav -->
                    </li>

                    <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                    <li style="display:none;" role="presentation">
                      <!-- title#bio-topics-description content#bio-topics-caption Element 151 152 -->
                      <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-related-topics-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a>
                      <div id="bio-related-topics-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false">
                        <!-- format: listgroup Element 150 -->
                        <!-- insert#bio-topics-list 0 Element 150 -->

                        <!-- insert#bio-topics-list 1 Element 150 -->
                        <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                      </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-related-topics-sidenav -->
                    </li>

                    <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                    <li style="display:none;" role="presentation">
                      <!-- title#related-bios-description content#related-bios-caption Element 161 162 -->
                      <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-related-bios-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a>
                      <div id="bio-related-bios-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px;">
                        <!-- format: listgroup Element 160 -->
                        <!-- insert#related-bios-list 0 Element 160 -->

                        <!-- insert#related-bios-list 1 Element 160 -->
                        <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                      </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-related-topics-sidenav -->
                    </li>
                  </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills -->
                </nav>
                <!--END nav THEMES -->


                <!-- nav PUBLICATION  -->
                <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                <nav style="display:none;" id="content-doc-history-1" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey">
                  <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked">

                    <li role="presentation">
                      <!-- title#bio-history-description content#bio-history-caption Element 171 172 -->
                      <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-1" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title=""></a>
                      <div id="doc-history-1" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true">
                        <!-- format: listgroup Element 170 -->
                        <!-- insert#bio-history-list 0 Element 170 -->

                        <!-- insert#bio-history-list 1 Element 170 -->
                        <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                      </div><!-- .collapse / # -->
                    </li>
                  </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills -->
                </nav>
                <!--END nav PUBLICATION -->

                <!-- nav metadata  -->
                <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                <nav style="display:none;" id="content-doc-history-2" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey">
                  <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked">

                    <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                    <li style="display:none;" id="content-doc-history-2-identifiers" role="presentation">
                      <!-- title#metadata-identifiers-description content#metadata-identifiers-caption Element 181 182 -->
                      <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-2-identifiers" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a>
                      <div id="doc-history-2-identifiers" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false">
                        <!-- format: listgroup Element 180 -->
                        <!-- insert#metadata-identifiers-list 0 Element 180 -->

                        <!-- insert#metadata-identifiers-list 1 Element 180 -->
                        <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                      </div><!-- .collapse / # -->
                    </li>

                    <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                    <li style="display:none;" id="content-doc-history-2-birth" role="presentation">
                      <!-- title#metadata-birth-description content#metadata-birth-caption Element 191 192 -->
                      <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-2-birth" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a>
                      <div id="doc-history-2-birth" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false">
                        <!-- format: listgroup Element 190 -->
                        <!-- insert#metadata-birth-list 0 Element 190 -->

                        <!-- insert#metadata-birth-list 1 Element 190 -->
                        <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                      </div><!-- .collapse / # -->
                    </li>

                    <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                    <li style="display:none;" id="content-doc-history-2-activity" role="presentation">
                      <!-- title#metadata-activity-description content#metadata-activity-caption Element 201 202 -->
                      <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-2-activity" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a>
                      <div id="doc-history-2-activity" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false">
                        <!-- format: listgroup Element 200 -->
                        <!-- insert#metadata-activity-list 0 Element 200 -->

                        <!-- insert#metadata-activity-list 1 Element 200 -->
                        <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                      </div><!-- .collapse / # -->
                    </li>
                  </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills -->
                </nav>
                <!--END nav metadata -->

                <!-- nav SOCIAL 1 -->
                <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                <div class="row" style="display:none;" id="sidebar-social-1">
                  <div class="col-md-12 share-this">
                    <div class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons st-center st-lang-fr st-has-labels st-inline-share-buttons st-animated st-1">
                      <div class="st-btn st-first" data-network="facebook" style="display: inline-block;">
                        <img alt="facebook sharing button" src="/img/facebook.svg">
                        <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_facebook">Partager</span>
                      </div><!-- .st-btn -->
                      <div class="st-btn st-last" data-network="twitter" style="display: inline-block;">
                        <img alt="twitter sharing button" src="/img/twitter.svg">
                        <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_twitter">Tweeter</span>
                      </div><!-- .st-btn -->
                    </div><!-- .sharethis-inline-share-buttons -->
                  </div><!-- .col-md-12 .share-this -->
                </div><!-- .row -->
                <!-- END nav SOCIAL 1 -->

                <!-- nav RED -->
                <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                <nav style="" id="sidebar-main-menu" class="dcb-generic-sidebar dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-red">
                  <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked">
                    <li role="presentation"><a href="/fr/nouvelles_biographies.html" title="Nouvelles biographies" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_new_bios">Nouvelles biographies</a></li>
                    <li role="presentation"><a href="/fr/biographies_mises_a_jour.html" title="Biographies modifiées" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_updated_bios">Biographies modifiées</a></li>
                    <li role="presentation">
                      <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#panelBioOfTheDay" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Lisez l&#x27;histoire d&#x27;un personnage né ou mort ce jour" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_botd">Biographie du jour</a>
                      <div id="panelBioOfTheDay" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true">
                        <div class="dcb-image-panel dcb-panel panel">
                          <div class="panel-body">
                            <div class="botd-dynamic feed-item-sidebar" data-brx-dyn="ajax:content:/fr/ajax/botd.php">
                              <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                            </div><!--feed-item-sidebar-->
                            <div class="see-all">
                              <strong><a href="/fr/bio_du_jour.html" class="see-all" title="Voir les biographies du jour précédentes" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_botd_all">Voir les précédentes</a></strong>
                            </div><!--see-all-->
                          </div><!-- .panel-body -->
                        </div><!-- .dcb-image-panel .dcb-panel .panel -->
                      </div><!-- .collapse / #panelBioOfTheDay -->
                    </li>
                    <li role="presentation">
                      <!-- title#special-project-description content#special-project-caption Element 211 212 -->
                      <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#panelSpecialProjects" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Thèmes importants de l’histoire canadienne et modules éducatifs, préparés et présentés par des collaborateurs et des rédacteurs du DBC/DCB">Thèmes, essais et ressources</a>
                      <div id="panelSpecialProjects" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true">
                        <!-- format: listgroup-items Element 210 -->
                        <ul class="list-group">
                          <!-- insert#special-project-items 0 Element 210 -->

                          <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/fr/theme_1812.html" title="La guerre de 1812">La guerre de 1812</a></li>
                          <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/fr/theme_1re_guerre_mondiale.html" title="La Première Guerre mondiale">La Première Guerre mondiale</a></li>
                          <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/fr/theme_confederation.html" title="La Conf&eacute;d&eacute;ration">La Conf&eacute;d&eacute;ration</a></li>
                          <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/fr/theme_femmes.html" title="Les femmes dans le DBC/DCB">Les femmes dans le DBC/DCB</a></li>

                          <!-- insert#special-project-items 1 Element 210 -->
                          <div class="dcb-image-panel dcb-panel panel">
                            <div class="panel-body">
                              <div class="see-all">
                                <a href="/fr/gallery_special_projects.html" class="see-all" title="Voir la liste des Thèmes, essais et ressources" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_themes_all">Voir la liste complète</a>
                              </div>
                            </div><!-- .panel-body -->
                          </div><!-- .dcb-image-panel .dcb-panel .panel -->
                        </ul>
                        <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->

                      </div><!-- .collapse / #panelSpecialProjects -->
                    </li>
                  </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills -->
                </nav>
                <!--END  nav RED-->

                <!-- nav SOCIAL 2 -->
                <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
                <div class="row" style="" id="sidebar-social-2">
                  <div class="col-md-12 share-this">
                    <div class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons st-center st-lang-fr st-has-labels st-inline-share-buttons st-animated st-1">
                      <div class="st-btn st-first" data-network="facebook" style="display: inline-block;">
                        <img alt="facebook sharing button" src="/img/facebook.svg">
                        <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_facebook">Partager</span>
                      </div><!-- .st-btn -->
                      <div class="st-btn st-last" data-network="twitter" style="display: inline-block;">
                        <img alt="twitter sharing button" src="/img/twitter.svg">
                        <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_twitter">Tweeter</span>
                      </div><!-- .st-btn -->
                    </div><!-- .sharethis-inline-share-buttons -->
                  </div><!-- .col-md-12 .share-this -->
                </div><!-- .row -->
                <!-- END nav SOCIAL 2 -->

              </ul>
            </nav>
          </div>
        </div><!-- /#sidebar -->

        <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-lg-9 col-xl-10 content-area" id="content-area">
          <!-- page-content used when bio not published and non-bio pages -->
          <!-- insert#page-content 0 Element 240 used by non-bio pages -->

      <div class="container-fluid">
        <div id="related-bios" class="col-xs-12">
          <h1>Confédération</h1>
          <p>La fédération de quatre provinces de l’Amérique du Nord britannique mena à la création du dominion du Canada en 1867. Les deux Canada (l’Ontario et le Québec, provinces alors nommées Canada-Ouest et Canada-Est) s’unirent à la Nouvelle-Écosse et au Nouveau-Brunswick. L’Île-du-Prince-Édouard se joindrait à la Confédération en 1873 et Terre-Neuve en 1949. Les architectes de l’union, communément appelés les Pères de la Confédération, proclamaient un objectif général&nbsp;: rassembler les différents groupes ethniques, religieux et régionaux de l’Amérique du Nord britannique au sein d’une nouvelle entité politique qui forgerait une identité canadienne commune tout en respectant les droits des minorités. L’Acte de l’Amérique du Nord britannique, qu’ils négocièrent au cours d’une série de conférences tenues à Charlottetown (1864), Québec (1864) et Londres (1866–1867), entra en vigueur le 1<sup>er</sup> juillet 1867.<br /><br /></p>
        </div>

        <div id="related-bios" class="related-pages col-xs-12 col-md-6">
          <h2>Biographies connexes</h2>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/aikins_james_cox_13F.html" title="AIKINS (Eakins), JAMES COX"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.5820.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/aikins_james_cox_13F.html" title="AIKINS (Eakins), JAMES COX">AIKINS (Eakins), JAMES COX</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/almon_mather_byles_10F.html" title="ALMON, MATHER BYLES"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4049.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/almon_mather_byles_10F.html" title="ALMON, MATHER BYLES">ALMON, MATHER BYLES</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/alsop_robert_10F.html" title="ALSOP, ROBERT"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/alsop_robert_10F.html" title="ALSOP, ROBERT">ALSOP, ROBERT</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/anglin_timothy_warren_12F.html" title="ANGLIN, TIMOTHY WARREN"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.9546.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/anglin_timothy_warren_12F.html" title="ANGLIN, TIMOTHY WARREN">ANGLIN, TIMOTHY WARREN</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/annand_william_11F.html" title="ANNAND, WILLIAM"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4448.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/annand_william_11F.html" title="ANNAND, WILLIAM">ANNAND, WILLIAM</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/archibald_adams_george_12F.html" title="ARCHIBALD, sir ADAMS GEORGE"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.1846.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/archibald_adams_george_12F.html" title="ARCHIBALD, sir ADAMS GEORGE">ARCHIBALD, sir ADAMS GEORGE</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/baillargeon_charles_francois_9F.html" title="BAILLARGEON, CHARLES-FRAN&Ccedil;OIS"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.3881.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/baillargeon_charles_francois_9F.html" title="BAILLARGEON, CHARLES-FRAN&Ccedil;OIS">BAILLARGEON, CHARLES-FRANÇOIS</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/beaven_robert_14F.html" title="BEAVEN, ROBERT"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.6552.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/beaven_robert_14F.html" title="BEAVEN, ROBERT">BEAVEN, ROBERT</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/belleau_narcisse_fortunat_12F.html" title="BELLEAU, sir NARCISSE-FORTUNAT (baptis&eacute; Narcisse)"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.5180.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/belleau_narcisse_fortunat_12F.html" title="BELLEAU, sir NARCISSE-FORTUNAT (baptis&eacute; Narcisse)">BELLEAU, sir NARCISSE-FORTUNAT (baptisé Narcisse)</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/bemister_john_12F.html" title="BEMISTER, JOHN"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.13685.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/bemister_john_12F.html" title="BEMISTER, JOHN">BEMISTER, JOHN</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/bennett_charles_james_fox_11F.html" title="BENNETT, CHARLES JAMES FOX"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.1778.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/bennett_charles_james_fox_11F.html" title="BENNETT, CHARLES JAMES FOX">BENNETT, CHARLES JAMES FOX</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/bernard_hewitt_12F.html" title="BERNARD, HEWITT"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.5187.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/bernard_hewitt_12F.html" title="BERNARD, HEWITT">BERNARD, HEWITT</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/black_thomas_reuben_13F.html" title="BLACK, THOMAS REUBEN"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/black_thomas_reuben_13F.html" title="BLACK, THOMAS REUBEN">BLACK, THOMAS REUBEN</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/blackadar_henry_dugwell_13F.html" title="BLACKADAR, HENRY DUGWELL"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/blackadar_henry_dugwell_13F.html" title="BLACKADAR, HENRY DUGWELL">BLACKADAR, HENRY DUGWELL</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/blackburn_josiah_11F.html" title="BLACKBURN, JOSIAH"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.3564.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/blackburn_josiah_11F.html" title="BLACKBURN, JOSIAH">BLACKBURN, JOSIAH</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/blake_edward_14F.html" title="BLAKE, EDWARD (baptis&eacute; Dominick Edward)"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.1204.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/blake_edward_14F.html" title="BLAKE, EDWARD (baptis&eacute; Dominick Edward)">BLAKE, EDWARD (baptisé Dominick Edward)</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/blanchard_hiram_10F.html" title="BLANCHARD, HIRAM"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.9646.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/blanchard_hiram_10F.html" title="BLANCHARD, HIRAM">BLANCHARD, HIRAM</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/bond_robert_15F.html" title="BOND, sir ROBERT"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.24624.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/bond_robert_15F.html" title="BOND, sir ROBERT">BOND, sir ROBERT</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/botsford_amos_edwin_12F.html" title="BOTSFORD, AMOS EDWIN"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.5194.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/botsford_amos_edwin_12F.html" title="BOTSFORD, AMOS EDWIN">BOTSFORD, AMOS EDWIN</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/boucher_de_niverville_louis_charles_9F.html" title="BOUCHER DE NIVERVILLE, LOUIS-CHARLES"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/boucher_de_niverville_louis_charles_9F.html" title="BOUCHER DE NIVERVILLE, LOUIS-CHARLES">BOUCHER DE NIVERVILLE, LOUIS-CHARLES</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/bourinot_john_george_13F.html" title="BOURINOT, sir JOHN GEORGE"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.5883.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/bourinot_john_george_13F.html" title="BOURINOT, sir JOHN GEORGE">BOURINOT, sir JOHN GEORGE</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/boyd_john_1826_1893_12F.html" title="BOYD, JOHN (1826-1893)"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.5203.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/boyd_john_1826_1893_12F.html" title="BOYD, JOHN (1826-1893)">BOYD, JOHN (1826-1893)</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/brown_george_10F.html" title="BROWN, GEORGE"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.202.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/brown_george_10F.html" title="BROWN, GEORGE">BROWN, GEORGE</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/cameron_john_hillyard_10F.html" title="CAMERON, JOHN HILLYARD"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4118.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/cameron_john_hillyard_10F.html" title="CAMERON, JOHN HILLYARD">CAMERON, JOHN HILLYARD</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/cameron_matthew_crooks_11F.html" title="CAMERON, sir MATTHEW CROOKS"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.3384.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/cameron_matthew_crooks_11F.html" title="CAMERON, sir MATTHEW CROOKS">CAMERON, sir MATTHEW CROOKS</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/campbell_alexander_12F.html" title="CAMPBELL, sir ALEXANDER (mort en 1892)"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.229.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/campbell_alexander_12F.html" title="CAMPBELL, sir ALEXANDER (mort en 1892)">CAMPBELL, sir ALEXANDER (mort en 1892)</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/carrall_robert_william_weir_10F.html" title="CARRALL (Carroll), ROBERT WILLIAM WEIR"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4126.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/carrall_robert_william_weir_10F.html" title="CARRALL (Carroll), ROBERT WILLIAM WEIR">CARRALL (Carroll), ROBERT WILLIAM WEIR</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/carter_frederic_bowker_terrington_12F.html" title="CARTER, sir FREDERIC BOWKER TERRINGTON"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.284.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/carter_frederic_bowker_terrington_12F.html" title="CARTER, sir FREDERIC BOWKER TERRINGTON">CARTER, sir FREDERIC BOWKER TERRINGTON</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/carter_james_10F.html" title="CARTER, sir JAMES"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.13579.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/carter_james_10F.html" title="CARTER, sir JAMES">CARTER, sir JAMES</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/cartier_george_etienne_10F.html" title="CARTIER, sir GEORGE-&Eacute;TIENNE"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.264.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/cartier_george_etienne_10F.html" title="CARTIER, sir GEORGE-&Eacute;TIENNE">CARTIER, sir GEORGE-ÉTIENNE</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/cauchon_joseph_edouard_11F.html" title="CAUCHON, JOSEPH (baptis&eacute; Joseph-&Eacute;douard)"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4521.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/cauchon_joseph_edouard_11F.html" title="CAUCHON, JOSEPH (baptis&eacute; Joseph-&Eacute;douard)">CAUCHON, JOSEPH (baptisé Joseph-Édouard)</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/cazeau_charles_felix_11F.html" title="CAZEAU, CHARLES-F&Eacute;LIX"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4540.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/cazeau_charles_felix_11F.html" title="CAZEAU, CHARLES-F&Eacute;LIX">CAZEAU, CHARLES-FÉLIX</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/chandler_edward_barron_10F.html" title="CHANDLER, EDWARD BARRON"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.10407.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/chandler_edward_barron_10F.html" title="CHANDLER, EDWARD BARRON">CHANDLER, EDWARD BARRON</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/chapleau_joseph_adolphe_12F.html" title="CHAPLEAU, sir JOSEPH-ADOLPHE"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.12107.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/chapleau_joseph_adolphe_12F.html" title="CHAPLEAU, sir JOSEPH-ADOLPHE">CHAPLEAU, sir JOSEPH-ADOLPHE</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/cockburn_james_11F.html" title="COCKBURN, JAMES"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4556.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/cockburn_james_11F.html" title="COCKBURN, JAMES">COCKBURN, JAMES</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/coffin_thomas_1817_1890_11F.html" title="COFFIN, THOMAS (1817-1890)"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4559.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/coffin_thomas_1817_1890_11F.html" title="COFFIN, THOMAS (1817-1890)">COFFIN, THOMAS (1817-1890)</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/coles_george_10F.html" title="COLES, GEORGE"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4142.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/coles_george_10F.html" title="COLES, GEORGE">COLES, GEORGE</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/connell_charles_10F.html" title="CONNELL, CHARLES"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4144.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/connell_charles_10F.html" title="CONNELL, CHARLES">CONNELL, CHARLES</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/connolly_thomas_louis_10F.html" title="CONNOLLY, THOMAS LOUIS"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.2692.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/connolly_thomas_louis_10F.html" title="CONNOLLY, THOMAS LOUIS">CONNOLLY, THOMAS LOUIS</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/costigan_john_14F.html" title="COSTIGAN, JOHN"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.6644.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/costigan_john_14F.html" title="COSTIGAN, JOHN">COSTIGAN, JOHN</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/creighton_donald_grant_20F.html" title="CREIGHTON, DONALD GRANT"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.2473.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/creighton_donald_grant_20F.html" title="CREIGHTON, DONALD GRANT">CREIGHTON, DONALD GRANT</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/crowe_harry_judson_15F.html" title="CROWE, HARRY JUDSON"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.3624.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/crowe_harry_judson_15F.html" title="CROWE, HARRY JUDSON">CROWE, HARRY JUDSON</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/cudlip_john_waterbury_11F.html" title="CUDLIP, JOHN WATERBURY"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/cudlip_john_waterbury_11F.html" title="CUDLIP, JOHN WATERBURY">CUDLIP, JOHN WATERBURY</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/daoust_charles_9F.html" title="DAOUST (D&rsquo;Aoust), CHARLES"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.12750.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/daoust_charles_9F.html" title="DAOUST (D&rsquo;Aoust), CHARLES">DAOUST (D’Aoust), CHARLES</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/davies_louis_henry_15F.html" title="DAVIES, sir LOUIS HENRY"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.7097.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/davies_louis_henry_15F.html" title="DAVIES, sir LOUIS HENRY">DAVIES, sir LOUIS HENRY</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/de_cosmos_amor_12F.html" title="DE COSMOS, AMOR (William Alexander Smith)"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.5264.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/de_cosmos_amor_12F.html" title="DE COSMOS, AMOR (William Alexander Smith)">DE COSMOS, AMOR (William Alexander Smith)</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/dorion_jean_baptiste_eric_9F.html" title="DORION, JEAN-BAPTISTE-&Eacute;RIC"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.9343.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/dorion_jean_baptiste_eric_9F.html" title="DORION, JEAN-BAPTISTE-&Eacute;RIC">DORION, JEAN-BAPTISTE-ÉRIC</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/dorion_antoine_aime_12F.html" title="DORION, sir ANTOINE-AIM&Eacute;"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.370.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/dorion_antoine_aime_12F.html" title="DORION, sir ANTOINE-AIM&Eacute;">DORION, sir ANTOINE-AIMÉ</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/doyle_charles_hastings_11F.html" title="DOYLE, sir CHARLES HASTINGS"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4612.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/doyle_charles_hastings_11F.html" title="DOYLE, sir CHARLES HASTINGS">DOYLE, sir CHARLES HASTINGS</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/dunkin_christopher_11F.html" title="DUNKIN, CHRISTOPHER"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.10067.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/dunkin_christopher_11F.html" title="DUNKIN, CHRISTOPHER">DUNKIN, CHRISTOPHER</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/elder_william_1822_1883_11F.html" title="ELDER, WILLIAM (1822-1883)"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/elder_william_1822_1883_11F.html" title="ELDER, WILLIAM (1822-1883)">ELDER, WILLIAM (1822-1883)</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/ferguson_donald_13F.html" title="FERGUSON, DONALD"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.6093.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/ferguson_donald_13F.html" title="FERGUSON, DONALD">FERGUSON, DONALD</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/fergusson_blair_adam_johnston_9F.html" title="FERGUSSON BLAIR, ADAM JOHNSTON"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.3847.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/fergusson_blair_adam_johnston_9F.html" title="FERGUSSON BLAIR, ADAM JOHNSTON">FERGUSSON BLAIR, ADAM JOHNSTON</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/fielding_william_stevens_15F.html" title="FIELDING, WILLIAM STEVENS"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.2677.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/fielding_william_stevens_15F.html" title="FIELDING, WILLIAM STEVENS">FIELDING, WILLIAM STEVENS</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/fisher_charles_10F.html" title="FISHER, CHARLES"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4205.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/fisher_charles_10F.html" title="FISHER, CHARLES">FISHER, CHARLES</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/foster_william_alexander_11F.html" title="FOSTER, WILLIAM ALEXANDER"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.12691.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/foster_william_alexander_11F.html" title="FOSTER, WILLIAM ALEXANDER">FOSTER, WILLIAM ALEXANDER</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/fraser_john_james_12F.html" title="FRASER, JOHN JAMES"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.13077.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/fraser_john_james_12F.html" title="FRASER, JOHN JAMES">FRASER, JOHN JAMES</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/galt_alexander_tilloch_12F.html" title="GALT, sir ALEXANDER TILLOCH"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.452.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/galt_alexander_tilloch_12F.html" title="GALT, sir ALEXANDER TILLOCH">GALT, sir ALEXANDER TILLOCH</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/garvie_william_10F.html" title="GARVIE, WILLIAM"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/garvie_william_10F.html" title="GARVIE, WILLIAM">GARVIE, WILLIAM</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/gillmor_arthur_hill_13F.html" title="GILLMOR, ARTHUR HILL"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.6118.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/gillmor_arthur_hill_13F.html" title="GILLMOR, ARTHUR HILL">GILLMOR, ARTHUR HILL</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/gordon_arthur_hamilton_14F.html" title="GORDON, ARTHUR HAMILTON, 1er baron STANMORE"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.3182.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/gordon_arthur_hamilton_14F.html" title="GORDON, ARTHUR HAMILTON, 1er baron STANMORE">GORDON, ARTHUR HAMILTON, 1er baron STANMORE</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/gray_john_hamilton_1811_1887_11F.html" title="GRAY, JOHN HAMILTON (1811-1887)"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.443.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/gray_john_hamilton_1811_1887_11F.html" title="GRAY, JOHN HAMILTON (1811-1887)">GRAY, JOHN HAMILTON (1811-1887)</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/gray_john_hamilton_1814_1889_11F.html" title="GRAY, JOHN HAMILTON (1814-1889)"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.10274.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/gray_john_hamilton_1814_1889_11F.html" title="GRAY, JOHN HAMILTON (1814-1889)">GRAY, JOHN HAMILTON (1814-1889)</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/haliburton_robert_grant_13F.html" title="HALIBURTON, ROBERT GRANT"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.6145.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/haliburton_robert_grant_13F.html" title="HALIBURTON, ROBERT GRANT">HALIBURTON, ROBERT GRANT</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/hamilton_peter_stevens_12F.html" title="HAMILTON, PETER STEVENS (Pierce Stevens Hamilton)"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/hamilton_peter_stevens_12F.html" title="HAMILTON, PETER STEVENS (Pierce Stevens Hamilton)">HAMILTON, PETER STEVENS (Pierce Stevens Hamilton)</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/harris_robert_14F.html" title="HARRIS, ROBERT"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.12378.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/harris_robert_14F.html" title="HARRIS, ROBERT">HARRIS, ROBERT</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/hatheway_george_luther_10F.html" title="HATHEWAY, GEORGE LUTHER"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4228.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/hatheway_george_luther_10F.html" title="HATHEWAY, GEORGE LUTHER">HATHEWAY, GEORGE LUTHER</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/haviland_thomas_heath_1822_1895_12F.html" title="HAVILAND, THOMAS HEATH (1822-1895)"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4312.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/haviland_thomas_heath_1822_1895_12F.html" title="HAVILAND, THOMAS HEATH (1822-1895)">HAVILAND, THOMAS HEATH (1822-1895)</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/haythorne_robert_poore_12F.html" title="HAYTHORNE, ROBERT POORE"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.5323.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/haythorne_robert_poore_12F.html" title="HAYTHORNE, ROBERT POORE">HAYTHORNE, ROBERT POORE</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/helmcken_john_sebastian_14F.html" title="HELMCKEN, JOHN SEBASTIAN"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.6765.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/helmcken_john_sebastian_14F.html" title="HELMCKEN, JOHN SEBASTIAN">HELMCKEN, JOHN SEBASTIAN</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/henry_william_alexander_11F.html" title="HENRY, WILLIAM ALEXANDER"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.13686.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/henry_william_alexander_11F.html" title="HENRY, WILLIAM ALEXANDER">HENRY, WILLIAM ALEXANDER</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/hill_philip_carteret_12F.html" title="HILL, PHILIP CARTERET"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.13911.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/hill_philip_carteret_12F.html" title="HILL, PHILIP CARTERET">HILL, PHILIP CARTERET</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/hill_stephen_john_12F.html" title="HILL, sir STEPHEN JOHN"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.13521.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/hill_stephen_john_12F.html" title="HILL, sir STEPHEN JOHN">HILL, sir STEPHEN JOHN</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/hogsett_george_james_9F.html" title="HOGSETT, GEORGE JAMES"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/hogsett_george_james_9F.html" title="HOGSETT, GEORGE JAMES">HOGSETT, GEORGE JAMES</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/holbrook_henry_13F.html" title="HOLBROOK, HENRY"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.12354.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/holbrook_henry_13F.html" title="HOLBROOK, HENRY">HOLBROOK, HENRY</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/holton_luther_hamilton_10F.html" title="HOLTON, LUTHER HAMILTON"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4237.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/holton_luther_hamilton_10F.html" title="HOLTON, LUTHER HAMILTON">HOLTON, LUTHER HAMILTON</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/howatt_cornelius_12F.html" title="HOWATT, CORNELIUS"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/howatt_cornelius_12F.html" title="HOWATT, CORNELIUS">HOWATT, CORNELIUS</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/howe_joseph_10F.html" title="HOWE, JOSEPH"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.490.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/howe_joseph_10F.html" title="HOWE, JOSEPH">HOWE, JOSEPH</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/howlan_george_william_13F.html" title="HOWLAN, GEORGE WILLIAM"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.6181.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/howlan_george_william_13F.html" title="HOWLAN, GEORGE WILLIAM">HOWLAN, GEORGE WILLIAM</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/howland_william_pearce_13F.html" title="HOWLAND, sir WILLIAM PEARCE"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.6180.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/howland_william_pearce_13F.html" title="HOWLAND, sir WILLIAM PEARCE">HOWLAND, sir WILLIAM PEARCE</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/humphreys_thomas_basil_11F.html" title="HUMPHREYS, THOMAS BASIL"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.15558.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/humphreys_thomas_basil_11F.html" title="HUMPHREYS, THOMAS BASIL">HUMPHREYS, THOMAS BASIL</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/jackman_edward_michael_14F.html" title="JACKMAN, EDWARD MICHAEL"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.14797.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/jackman_edward_michael_14F.html" title="JACKMAN, EDWARD MICHAEL">JACKMAN, EDWARD MICHAEL</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/johnson_john_mercer_9F.html" title="JOHNSON, JOHN MERCER"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.3909.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/johnson_john_mercer_9F.html" title="JOHNSON, JOHN MERCER">JOHNSON, JOHN MERCER</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/joly_de_lotbiniere_henri_gustave_13F.html" title="JOLY DE LOTBINI&Egrave;RE, sir HENRI-GUSTAVE"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.8772.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/joly_de_lotbiniere_henri_gustave_13F.html" title="JOLY DE LOTBINI&Egrave;RE, sir HENRI-GUSTAVE">JOLY DE LOTBINIÈRE, sir HENRI-GUSTAVE</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/jones_alfred_gilpin_13F.html" title="JONES, ALFRED GILPIN"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.6210.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/jones_alfred_gilpin_13F.html" title="JONES, ALFRED GILPIN">JONES, ALFRED GILPIN</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/kent_robert_john_12F.html" title="KENT, ROBERT JOHN"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/kent_robert_john_12F.html" title="KENT, ROBERT JOHN">KENT, ROBERT JOHN</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/killam_thomas_9F.html" title="KILLAM, THOMAS"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.15315.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/killam_thomas_9F.html" title="KILLAM, THOMAS">KILLAM, THOMAS</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/laframboise_maurice_11F.html" title="LAFRAMBOISE, MAURICE (baptis&eacute; Maurice-Alexis)"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4804.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/laframboise_maurice_11F.html" title="LAFRAMBOISE, MAURICE (baptis&eacute; Maurice-Alexis)">LAFRAMBOISE, MAURICE (baptisé Maurice-Alexis)</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/lanctot_mederic_10F.html" title="LANCTOT, M&Eacute;D&Eacute;RIC"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.9445.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/lanctot_mederic_10F.html" title="LANCTOT, M&Eacute;D&Eacute;RIC">LANCTOT, MÉDÉRIC</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/landry_amand_10F.html" title="LANDRY, AMAND"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.3660.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/landry_amand_10F.html" title="LANDRY, AMAND">LANDRY, AMAND</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/langevin_hector_louis_13F.html" title="LANGEVIN, sir HECTOR-LOUIS"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.655.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/langevin_hector_louis_13F.html" title="LANGEVIN, sir HECTOR-LOUIS">LANGEVIN, sir HECTOR-LOUIS</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/langton_john_12F.html" title="LANGTON, JOHN"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.5438.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/langton_john_12F.html" title="LANGTON, JOHN">LANGTON, JOHN</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/laurier_wilfrid_14F.html" title="LAURIER, sir WILFRID (baptis&eacute; Henry-Charles-Wilfrid)"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.659.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/laurier_wilfrid_14F.html" title="LAURIER, sir WILFRID (baptis&eacute; Henry-Charles-Wilfrid)">LAURIER, sir WILFRID (baptisé Henry-Charles-Wilfrid)</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/lawrence_joseph_wilson_12F.html" title="LAWRENCE, JOSEPH WILSON"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.13578.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/lawrence_joseph_wilson_12F.html" title="LAWRENCE, JOSEPH WILSON">LAWRENCE, JOSEPH WILSON</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/lawrence_william_dawson_11F.html" title="LAWRENCE, WILLIAM DAWSON"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4814.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/lawrence_william_dawson_11F.html" title="LAWRENCE, WILLIAM DAWSON">LAWRENCE, WILLIAM DAWSON</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/lawson_alexander_12F.html" title="LAWSON, ALEXANDER"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.13845.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/lawson_alexander_12F.html" title="LAWSON, ALEXANDER">LAWSON, ALEXANDER</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/little_joseph_ignatius_13F.html" title="LITTLE, sir JOSEPH IGNATIUS"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/little_joseph_ignatius_13F.html" title="LITTLE, sir JOSEPH IGNATIUS">LITTLE, sir JOSEPH IGNATIUS</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/livingston_john_1837_1894_12F.html" title="LIVINGSTON, JOHN (1837-1894)"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/livingston_john_1837_1894_12F.html" title="LIVINGSTON, JOHN (1837-1894)">LIVINGSTON, JOHN (1837-1894)</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/lovitt_john_13F.html" title="LOVITT, JOHN"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.6245.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/lovitt_john_13F.html" title="LOVITT, JOHN">LOVITT, JOHN</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/macdonald_andrew_archibald_14F.html" title="MACDONALD, ANDREW ARCHIBALD"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.1773.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/macdonald_andrew_archibald_14F.html" title="MACDONALD, ANDREW ARCHIBALD">MACDONALD, ANDREW ARCHIBALD</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/macdonald_john_sandfield_10F.html" title="MACDONALD, JOHN SANDFIELD"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.1283.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/macdonald_john_sandfield_10F.html" title="MACDONALD, JOHN SANDFIELD">MACDONALD, JOHN SANDFIELD</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/macdonald_john_alexander_12F.html" title="MACDONALD, sir JOHN ALEXANDER"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.697.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/macdonald_john_alexander_12F.html" title="MACDONALD, sir JOHN ALEXANDER">MACDONALD, sir JOHN ALEXANDER</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/mackenzie_alexander_12F.html" title="MACKENZIE, ALEXANDER"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.710.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/mackenzie_alexander_12F.html" title="MACKENZIE, ALEXANDER">MACKENZIE, ALEXANDER</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/mercier_honore_12F.html" title="MERCIER, HONOR&Eacute; (1840-1894)"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.749.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/mercier_honore_12F.html" title="MERCIER, HONOR&Eacute; (1840-1894)">MERCIER, HONORÉ (1840-1894)</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/mills_david_13F.html" title="MILLS, DAVID"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.6304.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/mills_david_13F.html" title="MILLS, DAVID">MILLS, DAVID</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/mitchell_peter_12F.html" title="MITCHELL, PETER"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.8776.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/mitchell_peter_12F.html" title="MITCHELL, PETER">MITCHELL, PETER</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/monck_charles_stanley_12F.html" title="MONCK, CHARLES STANLEY, 4e vicomte MONCK"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.5603.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/monck_charles_stanley_12F.html" title="MONCK, CHARLES STANLEY, 4e vicomte MONCK">MONCK, CHARLES STANLEY, 4e vicomte MONCK</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/morris_alexander_11F.html" title="MORRIS, ALEXANDER"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.2422.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/morris_alexander_11F.html" title="MORRIS, ALEXANDER">MORRIS, ALEXANDER</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/morris_edward_patrick_16F.html" title="MORRIS, EDWARD PATRICK, 1er baron MORRIS"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.8690.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/morris_edward_patrick_16F.html" title="MORRIS, EDWARD PATRICK, 1er baron MORRIS">MORRIS, EDWARD PATRICK, 1er baron MORRIS</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/morrison_thomas_fletcher_11F.html" title="MORRISON, THOMAS FLETCHER"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/morrison_thomas_fletcher_11F.html" title="MORRISON, THOMAS FLETCHER">MORRISON, THOMAS FLETCHER</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/mousseau_joseph_alfred_11F.html" title="MOUSSEAU, JOSEPH-ALFRED"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4916.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/mousseau_joseph_alfred_11F.html" title="MOUSSEAU, JOSEPH-ALFRED">MOUSSEAU, JOSEPH-ALFRED</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/mowat_oliver_13F.html" title="MOWAT, sir OLIVER"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.765.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/mowat_oliver_13F.html" title="MOWAT, sir OLIVER">MOWAT, sir OLIVER</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/murray_george_11F.html" title="MURRAY, GEORGE"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/murray_george_11F.html" title="MURRAY, GEORGE">MURRAY, GEORGE</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/musgrave_anthony_11F.html" title="MUSGRAVE, sir ANTHONY"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4924.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/musgrave_anthony_11F.html" title="MUSGRAVE, sir ANTHONY">MUSGRAVE, sir ANTHONY</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/macdonnell_richard_graves_11F.html" title="MacDONNELL, sir RICHARD GRAVES"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4849.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/macdonnell_richard_graves_11F.html" title="MacDONNELL, sir RICHARD GRAVES">MacDONNELL, sir RICHARD GRAVES</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/mccarthy_d_alton_12F.html" title="McCARTHY, D&rsquo;ALTON"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.1225.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/mccarthy_d_alton_12F.html" title="McCARTHY, D&rsquo;ALTON">McCARTHY, D’ALTON</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/mccully_jonathan_10F.html" title="McCULLY, JONATHAN"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4294.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/mccully_jonathan_10F.html" title="McCULLY, JONATHAN">McCULLY, JONATHAN</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/mcdonald_edmund_mortimer_10F.html" title="McDONALD, EDMUND MORTIMER"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/mcdonald_edmund_mortimer_10F.html" title="McDONALD, EDMUND MORTIMER">McDONALD, EDMUND MORTIMER</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/mcdougall_william_13F.html" title="McDOUGALL, WILLIAM"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.801.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/mcdougall_william_13F.html" title="McDOUGALL, WILLIAM">McDOUGALL, WILLIAM</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/mcgee_thomas_d_arcy_9F.html" title="McGEE, THOMAS D&rsquo;ARCY"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.813.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/mcgee_thomas_d_arcy_9F.html" title="McGEE, THOMAS D&rsquo;ARCY">McGEE, THOMAS D’ARCY</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/mclelan_archibald_woodbury_11F.html" title="McLELAN, ARCHIBALD WOODBURY"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.12878.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/mclelan_archibald_woodbury_11F.html" title="McLELAN, ARCHIBALD WOODBURY">McLELAN, ARCHIBALD WOODBURY</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/mcleod_ezekiel_9F.html" title="McLEOD, EZEKIEL"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.3969.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/mcleod_ezekiel_9F.html" title="McLEOD, EZEKIEL">McLEOD, EZEKIEL</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/mcmillan_john_1816_1886_11F.html" title="McMILLAN, JOHN (1816-1886)"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/mcmillan_john_1816_1886_11F.html" title="McMILLAN, JOHN (1816-1886)">McMILLAN, JOHN (1816-1886)</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/owen_lemuel_cambridge_14F.html" title="OWEN, LEMUEL CAMBRIDGE"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.6930.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/owen_lemuel_cambridge_14F.html" title="OWEN, LEMUEL CAMBRIDGE">OWEN, LEMUEL CAMBRIDGE</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/palmer_edward_11F.html" title="PALMER, EDWARD"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4946.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/palmer_edward_11F.html" title="PALMER, EDWARD">PALMER, EDWARD</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/penny_edward_goff_11F.html" title="PENNY, EDWARD GOFF"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4952.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/penny_edward_goff_11F.html" title="PENNY, EDWARD GOFF">PENNY, EDWARD GOFF</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/pickard_john_11F.html" title="PICKARD, JOHN"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.8779.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/pickard_john_11F.html" title="PICKARD, JOHN">PICKARD, JOHN</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/pinsent_robert_john_12F.html" title="PINSENT, sir ROBERT JOHN"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.13457.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/pinsent_robert_john_12F.html" title="PINSENT, sir ROBERT JOHN">PINSENT, sir ROBERT JOHN</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/poor_john_alfred_10F.html" title="POOR, JOHN ALFRED"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.14501.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/poor_john_alfred_10F.html" title="POOR, JOHN ALFRED">POOR, JOHN ALFRED</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/pope_james_colledge_11F.html" title="POPE, JAMES COLLEDGE"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.3187.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/pope_james_colledge_11F.html" title="POPE, JAMES COLLEDGE">POPE, JAMES COLLEDGE</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/pope_william_henry_10F.html" title="POPE, WILLIAM HENRY"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.867.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/pope_william_henry_10F.html" title="POPE, WILLIAM HENRY">POPE, WILLIAM HENRY</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/power_patrick_11F.html" title="POWER, PATRICK"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4978.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/power_patrick_11F.html" title="POWER, PATRICK">POWER, PATRICK</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/rankin_arthur_12F.html" title="RANKIN, ARTHUR"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.5677.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/rankin_arthur_12F.html" title="RANKIN, ARTHUR">RANKIN, ARTHUR</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/reilly_edward_10F.html" title="REILLY, EDWARD"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/reilly_edward_10F.html" title="REILLY, EDWARD">REILLY, EDWARD</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/ritchie_john_william_11F.html" title="RITCHIE, JOHN WILLIAM"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.10879.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/ritchie_john_william_11F.html" title="RITCHIE, JOHN WILLIAM">RITCHIE, JOHN WILLIAM</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/ritchot_noel_joseph_13F.html" title="RITCHOT, NO&Euml;L-JOSEPH (baptis&eacute; Joseph-No&euml;l)"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.2447.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/ritchot_noel_joseph_13F.html" title="RITCHOT, NO&Euml;L-JOSEPH (baptis&eacute; Joseph-No&euml;l)">RITCHOT, NOËL-JOSEPH (baptisé Joseph-Noël)</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/robinson_william_cleaver_francis_12F.html" title="ROBINSON, sir WILLIAM CLEAVER FRANCIS"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.5697.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/robinson_william_cleaver_francis_12F.html" title="ROBINSON, sir WILLIAM CLEAVER FRANCIS">ROBINSON, sir WILLIAM CLEAVER FRANCIS</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/robson_john_12F.html" title="ROBSON, JOHN"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.5717.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/robson_john_12F.html" title="ROBSON, JOHN">ROBSON, JOHN</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/ross_james_1835_1871_10F.html" title="ROSS, JAMES (1835-1871)"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.10512.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/ross_james_1835_1871_10F.html" title="ROSS, JAMES (1835-1871)">ROSS, JAMES (1835-1871)</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/sanborn_john_sewell_10F.html" title="SANBORN, JOHN SEWELL"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.12892.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/sanborn_john_sewell_10F.html" title="SANBORN, JOHN SEWELL">SANBORN, JOHN SEWELL</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/scott_patrick_j_12F.html" title="SCOTT, PATRICK J."><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/scott_patrick_j_12F.html" title="SCOTT, PATRICK J.">SCOTT, PATRICK J.</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/seymour_frederick_9F.html" title="SEYMOUR, FREDERICK"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4021.gif"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/seymour_frederick_9F.html" title="SEYMOUR, FREDERICK">SEYMOUR, FREDERICK</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/shea_ambrose_13F.html" title="SHEA, sir AMBROSE"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.6431.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/shea_ambrose_13F.html" title="SHEA, sir AMBROSE">SHEA, sir AMBROSE</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/sinclair_peter_13F.html" title="SINCLAIR, PETER"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.6432.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/sinclair_peter_13F.html" title="SINCLAIR, PETER">SINCLAIR, PETER</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/smith_henry_william_11F.html" title="SMITH, HENRY WILLIAM"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/smith_henry_william_11F.html" title="SMITH, HENRY WILLIAM">SMITH, HENRY WILLIAM</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/smith_albert_james_11F.html" title="SMITH, sir ALBERT JAMES"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.2486.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/smith_albert_james_11F.html" title="SMITH, sir ALBERT JAMES">SMITH, sir ALBERT JAMES</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/stairs_william_james_13F.html" title="STAIRS, WILLIAM JAMES"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.6456.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/stairs_william_james_13F.html" title="STAIRS, WILLIAM JAMES">STAIRS, WILLIAM JAMES</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/steeves_william_henry_10F.html" title="STEEVES, WILLIAM HENRY"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4393.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/steeves_william_henry_10F.html" title="STEEVES, WILLIAM HENRY">STEEVES, WILLIAM HENRY</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/sullivan_william_wilfred_14F.html" title="SULLIVAN, sir WILLIAM WILFRED"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.7048.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/sullivan_william_wilfred_14F.html" title="SULLIVAN, sir WILLIAM WILFRED">SULLIVAN, sir WILLIAM WILFRED</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/sweeny_john_13F.html" title="SWEENY, JOHN"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.13916.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/sweeny_john_13F.html" title="SWEENY, JOHN">SWEENY, JOHN</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/tache_etienne_paschal_9F.html" title="TACH&Eacute;, sir &Eacute;TIENNE-PASCHAL"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.13931.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/tache_etienne_paschal_9F.html" title="TACH&Eacute;, sir &Eacute;TIENNE-PASCHAL">TACHÉ, sir ÉTIENNE-PASCHAL</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/thorburn_robert_13F.html" title="THORBURN, sir ROBERT"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.6472.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/thorburn_robert_13F.html" title="THORBURN, sir ROBERT">THORBURN, sir ROBERT</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/tilley_samuel_leonard_12F.html" title="TILLEY, sir SAMUEL LEONARD"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.1092.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/tilley_samuel_leonard_12F.html" title="TILLEY, sir SAMUEL LEONARD">TILLEY, sir SAMUEL LEONARD</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/tobin_john_9F.html" title="TOBIN, JOHN"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/tobin_john_9F.html" title="TOBIN, JOHN">TOBIN, JOHN</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/todd_william_1803_1873_10F.html" title="TODD, WILLIAM (1803-1873)"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/todd_william_1803_1873_10F.html" title="TODD, WILLIAM (1803-1873)">TODD, WILLIAM (1803-1873)</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/townsend_william_h_10F.html" title="TOWNSEND, WILLIAM H."><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/townsend_william_h_10F.html" title="TOWNSEND, WILLIAM H.">TOWNSEND, WILLIAM H.</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/trutch_joseph_william_13F.html" title="TRUTCH, sir JOSEPH WILLIAM"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.3168.gif"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/trutch_joseph_william_13F.html" title="TRUTCH, sir JOSEPH WILLIAM">TRUTCH, sir JOSEPH WILLIAM</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/tupper_charles_14F.html" title="TUPPER, sir CHARLES"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.1018.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/tupper_charles_14F.html" title="TUPPER, sir CHARLES">TUPPER, sir CHARLES</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/vail_edwin_arnold_11F.html" title="VAIL, EDWIN ARNOLD"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.14801.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/vail_edwin_arnold_11F.html" title="VAIL, EDWIN ARNOLD">VAIL, EDWIN ARNOLD</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/vail_william_berrian_13F.html" title="VAIL, WILLIAM BERRIAN"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.6478.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/vail_william_berrian_13F.html" title="VAIL, WILLIAM BERRIAN">VAIL, WILLIAM BERRIAN</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/walkem_george_anthony_13F.html" title="WALKEM, GEORGE ANTHONY"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.6492.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/walkem_george_anthony_13F.html" title="WALKEM, GEORGE ANTHONY">WALKEM, GEORGE ANTHONY</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/wallbridge_lewis_11F.html" title="WALLBRIDGE, LEWIS"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/wallbridge_lewis_11F.html" title="WALLBRIDGE, LEWIS">WALLBRIDGE, LEWIS</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/watson_samuel_james_11F.html" title="WATSON, SAMUEL JAMES"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.15596.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/watson_samuel_james_11F.html" title="WATSON, SAMUEL JAMES">WATSON, SAMUEL JAMES</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/weatherbe_robert_linton_14F.html" title="WEATHERBE (Weatherbee, Weatherby), sir ROBERT LINTON"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.10660.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/weatherbe_robert_linton_14F.html" title="WEATHERBE (Weatherbee, Weatherby), sir ROBERT LINTON">WEATHERBE (Weatherbee, Weatherby), sir ROBERT LINTON</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/wetmore_andrew_rainsford_12F.html" title="WETMORE, ANDREW RAINSFORD"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/wetmore_andrew_rainsford_12F.html" title="WETMORE, ANDREW RAINSFORD">WETMORE, ANDREW RAINSFORD</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/whelan_edward_9F.html" title="WHELAN, EDWARD"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4038.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/whelan_edward_9F.html" title="WHELAN, EDWARD">WHELAN, EDWARD</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/whiteway_william_vallance_13F.html" title="WHITEWAY, sir WILLIAM VALLANCE"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.6500.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/whiteway_william_vallance_13F.html" title="WHITEWAY, sir WILLIAM VALLANCE">WHITEWAY, sir WILLIAM VALLANCE</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/wilkins_martin_isaac_11F.html" title="WILKINS, MARTIN ISAAC"><span><img src="/img/placeholder_dcb_w50.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/wilkins_martin_isaac_11F.html" title="WILKINS, MARTIN ISAAC">WILKINS, MARTIN ISAAC</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/williams_william_fenwick_11F.html" title="WILLIAMS, sir WILLIAM FENWICK"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.5133.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/williams_william_fenwick_11F.html" title="WILLIAMS, sir WILLIAM FENWICK">WILLIAMS, sir WILLIAM FENWICK</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/wilmot_lemuel_allan_10F.html" title="WILMOT, LEMUEL ALLAN"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.10776.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/wilmot_lemuel_allan_10F.html" title="WILMOT, LEMUEL ALLAN">WILMOT, LEMUEL ALLAN</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/wilmot_robert_duncan_12F.html" title="WILMOT, ROBERT DUNCAN"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.5801.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/wilmot_robert_duncan_12F.html" title="WILMOT, ROBERT DUNCAN">WILMOT, ROBERT DUNCAN</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/winter_james_spearman_14F.html" title="WINTER, sir JAMES SPEARMAN"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.13477.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/winter_james_spearman_14F.html" title="WINTER, sir JAMES SPEARMAN">WINTER, sir JAMES SPEARMAN</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/young_robert_13F.html" title="YOUNG, ROBERT"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.6524.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/young_robert_13F.html" title="YOUNG, ROBERT">YOUNG, ROBERT</a>
          </div>

          <div class="related-item col-xs-12">
            <a href="/fr/bio/young_john_1807_1876_10F.html" title="YOUNG, sir JOHN, baron Lisgar"><span><img src="/bioimages/w50.4441.jpg"></span></a>
            <a href="/fr/bio/young_john_1807_1876_10F.html" title="YOUNG, sir JOHN, baron Lisgar">YOUNG, sir JOHN, baron Lisgar</a>
          </div>

        </div>

        <div id="related-pages-internal" class="related-pages col-xs-12 col-sm-6">
          <h2>Autres ressources</h2>
          <div class='related-item col-xs-12'>
            <a target="_blank" href='http://web.archive.org/web/20241208010724/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca:443/fr/article/confederation' title='Conf&eacute;d&eacute;ration - l&#039;Encyclop&eacute;die Canadienne'><span><img src='/img/related-logos/logo-ce-fr_w50.png'></span></a>
            <a target="_blank" href='http://web.archive.org/web/20241208010724/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca:443/fr/article/confederation' title='Conf&eacute;d&eacute;ration - l&#039;Encyclop&eacute;die Canadienne'>Confédération - l'Encyclopédie Canadienne</a>.

<!-- debug d=Ce contenu n&#39;est plus h&eacute;berg&eacute; de fa&ccedil;on permanente. Nous fournissons un lien vers sa version originale archiv&eacute;e pour faciliter vos recherches.  -->
            <span class='action-alt-text' href='javascript:void(0)' data-alternate='http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/confederation/' title='Ce contenu n&#39;est plus h&eacute;berg&eacute; de fa&ccedil;on permanente. Nous fournissons un lien vers sa version originale archiv&eacute;e pour faciliter vos recherches. '>Contenu archivé le </span>8 déc. 2024
          </div>

          <div class='related-item col-xs-12'>
            <a target="_blank" href='https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_canadienne' title='Conf&eacute;d&eacute;ration canadienne &mdash; Wikip&eacute;dia'><span><img src='/img/related-logos/logo-wiki-fr_w50.png'></span></a>
            <a target="_blank" href='https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_canadienne' title='Conf&eacute;d&eacute;ration canadienne &mdash; Wikip&eacute;dia'>Confédération canadienne — Wikipédia</a>
          </div>

          <div class='related-item col-xs-12'>
            <a target="_blank" href='http://bilan.usherbrooke.ca/bilan/pages/evenements/935.html' title='Entr&eacute;e de Terre-Neuve dans la Conf&eacute;d&eacute;ration'><span><img src='/img/placeholder_generic_w50.jpg'></span></a>
            <a target="_blank" href='http://bilan.usherbrooke.ca/bilan/pages/evenements/935.html' title='Entr&eacute;e de Terre-Neuve dans la Conf&eacute;d&eacute;ration'>Entrée de Terre-Neuve dans la Confédération</a>
          </div>

          <div class='related-item col-xs-12'>
            <a target="_blank" href='http://web.archive.org/web/20240202194053/https://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/francophonie/HISTfrQC_s3_Union.htm' title='Histoire (3): L&#039;Union de 1840 et la Conf&eacute;d&eacute;ration de 1867'><span><img src='/img/placeholder_generic_w50.jpg'></span></a>
            <a target="_blank" href='http://web.archive.org/web/20240202194053/https://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/francophonie/HISTfrQC_s3_Union.htm' title='Histoire (3): L&#039;Union de 1840 et la Conf&eacute;d&eacute;ration de 1867'>Histoire (3): L'Union de 1840 et la Confédération de 1867</a>.

<!-- debug d=Ce contenu n&#39;est plus h&eacute;berg&eacute; de fa&ccedil;on permanente. Nous fournissons un lien vers sa version originale archiv&eacute;e pour faciliter vos recherches.  -->
            <span class='action-alt-text' href='javascript:void(0)' data-alternate='http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/francophonie/HISTfrQC_s3_Union.htm' title='Ce contenu n&#39;est plus h&eacute;berg&eacute; de fa&ccedil;on permanente. Nous fournissons un lien vers sa version originale archiv&eacute;e pour faciliter vos recherches. '>Contenu archivé le </span>2 févr. 2024
<!-- debug d=Ce contenu n&rsquo;est plus h&eacute;berg&eacute; de fa&ccedil;on permanente. Nous fournissons un lien vers sa version originale archiv&eacute;e et un lien vers sa version temporaire pour faciliter vos recherches.  -->
            (<a target="_blank" href='http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/francophonie/HISTfrQC_s3_Union.htm' title='Ce contenu n&rsquo;est plus h&eacute;berg&eacute; de fa&ccedil;on permanente. Nous fournissons un lien vers sa version originale archiv&eacute;e et un lien vers sa version temporaire pour faciliter vos recherches. '>Version originale</a>)
          </div>

          <div class='related-item col-xs-12'>
            <a target="_blank" href='https://lop.parl.ca/About/Parliament/Education/ourcountryourparliament/html_booklet/confederation-f.html' title='La Conf&eacute;d&eacute;ration | Notre pays, notre Parlement'><span><img src='/img/placeholder_generic_w50.jpg'></span></a>
            <a target="_blank" href='https://lop.parl.ca/About/Parliament/Education/ourcountryourparliament/html_booklet/confederation-f.html' title='La Conf&eacute;d&eacute;ration | Notre pays, notre Parlement'>La Confédération | Notre pays, notre Parlement</a>
          </div>


        </div>

      </div><!-- .container-fluid -->

          <!-- insert#page-content 1 Element 240 -->
          <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
          <section style="display:none;" id="summary" class="summary bio">
            <!-- insert#summary-paragraphs 0 Element 250 -->

            <!-- insert#summary-paragraphs 1 Element 250 -->
            <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
          </section>

          <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
          <section style="display:none;" id="first" class="bio">
            <!-- Element 260 family -->
            <div style="display:none;" class="pull-left inset-area" id="bio-primary-image">
              <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
              <div id="bio-main-image" class="image-container left w600">
                <!-- src#primary_image_href alt#primary_alt title#primary_description element 260 261 262 -->
                <a class="open-gallery" href="javascript:void()"><img class="img-responsive" src="" alt="" title=""></a>
                <!-- insert#primary_source_link 0 element 263 -->
                
                <!-- insert#primary_source_link 1 element 263 -->
              </div>
            </div>

                <!-- insert#bio-paragraphs 0 element 270 -->

                <!-- insert#bio-paragraphs 1 element 270 -->

            <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
          </section>

          <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
          <section style="display:none;" id="second" class="biblio">

                <!-- insert#biblio-paragraphs 0 280 -->

                <!-- insert#biblio-paragraphs 1 280 -->

            <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->

            <!-- insert#general-bibliography 0 element 290 -->
            
            <!-- insert#general-bibliography 1 -->

            <!-- insert#copyright 0 element 300 -->
            
            <!-- insert#copyright 0 -->

          </section>
          <!--END BIBLIOGRAPHY-->

          <!-- jtk 7-apr-2019 reader-mode -->

          <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
          <div style="display:none;" class="container-fluid reader-mode" id="bottom-content">
            <div class="row">
            </div>
            <!-- .row -->

            <!-- element 550 section-* tags -->
            <div style="display:none;" id="content-image-gallery" class="row">
              <div id="image-gallery" class="col-xs-12 col-theme-white">
                <h2 data-brx-ls="template_bio_image_gallery">Collection d’images</h2>
                <!-- ContainerBioGalleryTiles startControl -->
                <div class="container-fluid">
                  <!-- LIGHTBOX CAPTIONS -->

                  <!-- insert#bio-images-captions 0 element 310 -->

                  <!-- insert#bio-images-captions 1 element 310 -->

                  <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->

                  <!-- LIGHTBOX DATA -->
                  <!--CAPTIONS METHODS-->
                  <div class="demo-gallery">
                    <ul id="captions" class="list-unstyled row">
                      <!-- insert#bio-images-data 0 element 311 -->

                      <!-- insert#bio-images-data 1 element 311 -->
                      <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
                    </ul>
                  </div><!-- demo-gallery -->
                </div><!-- .container-fluid -->
                <!-- ContainerBioGalleryTiles endControl -->
              </div>
            </div><!-- .row -->

            <div class="row">
              <div id="citations" class="column-section col-theme-white col-xs-12">
                <!-- insert#bio-citation 0 Element 320 -->

                <!-- insert#bio-citation 1 Element 320 -->
              </div>
            </div>
            <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} -->
          </div><!--END bottom-content -->
        </div><!-- /#content-area -->
      </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
    </div> <!-- row->mainrow -->
    <a id="button" data-brx-ls="template_return_to_top" title="Retourner au haut de la page"></a>
  </div><!-- /#bootstrap-wrapper -->

  <!-- insert#footer 0 Element 400 -->
    <footer>

			<div class="container">
				<div class="row">
					<div class="col-md-4">
						<div class="row">
							<div class="col-md-8 ut_laval">
								<!-- jtk-footer-4-apr added target -->
								<a target="_blank" href="https://www.ulaval.ca/">
									<img class="img-responsive" src="/img/laval.svg">
								</a>
								<!-- jtk-footer-4-apr added target -->
								<a target="_blank" href="https://www.utoronto.ca/">
									<img class="img-responsive" src="/img/uoft3.svg">
								</a>
							</div>
							<!-- jtk-footer-4-apr french logo, french link, added target -->
							<div class="col-md-4 cmh"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.museedelhistoire.ca/"><img class="img-responsive" src="/img/cmh-logo-fr.svg"></a>
							</div>
						</div>
					</div>

					<div class="col-md-4">
						<div class="row">
							<div class="col-md-6 cmh-text-left">
								Nous reconnaissons l'aide financière du Musée canadien de l'histoire à travers les œuvres du programme de référence en ligne financés par le gouvernement du Canada.
							</div>
							<div class="col-md-6 cmh-text-right">
								We acknowledge the financial support of the Canadian Museum of History through the Online Works of Reference Program funded by the Government of Canada.
							</div>
						</div>
					</div>

					<!--FEBRUARY 8 2024 -->

					<div class="col-md-4">
						<div class="row">
						    <!-- jtk-footer-4-apr added target -->

							<div class="row chc-full">

								<div class="col-md-12"> <a href="https://www.canada.ca/home.html"><img class="img-responsive" src="/img/govCan.svg"></a>
								</div>

	  							<div class="col-md-12">
									<p>Nous reconnaissons l’appui du gouvernement du Canada.</p>
	  									<hr class="chc-full">
	 								 <p>We acknowledge the support of the Government of Canada.</p>
								</div>


							</div>
						</div>
					</div>

					<!--END FEBRUARY 8 2024 -->

				</div><!--END ROW-->


			<article id="involved">
				<div class="col-md-12">
					<p><span>© 2003-2025 Université Laval/University of Toronto </span></p>
					<p><a href="/fr/contact_us_corrections.php" title="Suggérer des corrections ou des ajouts">Suggérer des corrections ou des ajouts</a></p>
					<p><a href="/fr/notices.html" title="Conditions d’utilisation et Collecte et utilisation des renseignements personnels">Avis importants</a></p>
					<p><a href="/fr/links.php" title="Sites qui pourraient vous intéresser">Liens</a></p>
				</div>
			</article>
			</div>
    </footer>

  <!-- insert#footer 1 Element 400 -->

  <!-- was includes/login.php -->
  <div id="login-holder" class="dcb-dialog">
  </div>
  <div id="forgot-holder" class="dcb-dialog">
  </div>
  <div id="forgot-user-holder" class="dcb-dialog">
  </div>
  <div id="register-holder" class="dcb-dialog">
  </div>
  <div id="contact-holder" class="dcb-dialog">
  </div>
  <div id="choose-language" class="dcb-dialog">
  </div>
  <div id="change-holder" class="dcb-dialog">
  </div>
  <!-- was includes/msgbox.php -->
  <div style="display:none;" class="msgbox" id="msgbox">
    <div class="text"> 
    </div>
    <div class="twobuttons" id="msgbox_buttons">
      <a class="okay" href="javascript:void(0)">OK</a>
      <a class="cancel" href="javascript:void(0)">Cancel</a>
    </div>
    <div class="onebutton" id="msgbox_buttons_one">
      <a class="okay" href="javascript:void(0)">OK</a>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!--
  <div id="reader-mode-toast" class="alert alert-info"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-up"></span>Exit reader mode</div>
  -->
  <div id="reader-mode-exit">
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary reader-mode-exit" data-brx-ls="template_reader" title="Sortir du mode lecture">Sortir du mode lecture</button>
  </div>

  <!-- insert#show-keys 0 Element 500 -->
  
  <!-- insert#show-keys 1 Element 500 -->

    <!--
        Compiled and minified JavaScript for jquery, jquery-ui and bootstrap
        js load order: jquery.min.js, jquery-ui.js, bootstrap.min.js

        with <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha512-jGsMH83oKe9asCpkOVkBnUrDDTp8wl+adkB2D+//JtlxO4SrLoJdhbOysIFQJloQFD+C4Fl1rMsQZF76JjV0eQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>

        with <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.js" integrity="sha512-uto9mlQzrs59VwILcLiRYeLKPPbS/bT71da/OEBYEwcdNUk8jYIy+D176RYoop1Da+f9mvkYrmj5MCLZWEtQuA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>

        with <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery-easing/1.3/jquery.easing.min.js" integrity="sha512-ahmSZKApTDNd3gVuqL5TQ3MBTj8tL5p2tYV05Xxzcfu6/ecvt1A0j6tfudSGBVuteSoTRMqMljbfdU0g2eDNUA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>

        replace bootstrap.min.js
        with <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-aJ21OjlMXNL5UyIl/XNwTMqvzeRMZH2w8c5cRVpzpU8Y5bApTppSuUkhZXN0VxHd" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
    -->
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha512-jGsMH83oKe9asCpkOVkBnUrDDTp8wl+adkB2D+//JtlxO4SrLoJdhbOysIFQJloQFD+C4Fl1rMsQZF76JjV0eQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.js" integrity="sha512-uto9mlQzrs59VwILcLiRYeLKPPbS/bT71da/OEBYEwcdNUk8jYIy+D176RYoop1Da+f9mvkYrmj5MCLZWEtQuA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery-easing/1.3/jquery.easing.min.js" integrity="sha512-ahmSZKApTDNd3gVuqL5TQ3MBTj8tL5p2tYV05Xxzcfu6/ecvt1A0j6tfudSGBVuteSoTRMqMljbfdU0g2eDNUA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.4.1/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-aJ21OjlMXNL5UyIl/XNwTMqvzeRMZH2w8c5cRVpzpU8Y5bApTppSuUkhZXN0VxHd" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

    <!-- todo what is this
    <iframe id="pxcelframe" style="display: none;" src="t_.html"></iframe>
    <script async="" src="/js/5e1c80aec17cd7001217700d.js"></script>
    <script id="facebook-jssdk" src="/js/all_002.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/all.js"></script>
    -->

    <!-- add base javascript. required for all or most -->
    <!-- querystring#?time=#javascript_time Element 021 -->
    <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/js_strings.js?time=1729526934"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/modernizr-3.6.js?time=1729526934"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/shared-base.js?time=1729526934"></script>

    <!-- for all: jquery 3.3.7 -->
    <!-- why jtk-2020-01-a
    <iframe id="pxcelframe" style="display: none;" src="t_.html">
    </iframe>
    -->

    <!-- todo update google code -->
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
        document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
    </script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        try {
            var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-25429501-1");
            pageTracker._trackPageview();
        } catch (err) {
        }
    </script>

    <!-- Google tag (gtag.js) -->
    <script async="None" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-HJG3WCKTF7"></script>
    <script>
      window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
      function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
      gtag('js', new Date());

      gtag('config', 'G-HJG3WCKTF7');
    </script>


    <script charset="utf-8" src="/js/button.js"></script>
    <!--
    <script charset="utf-8" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.3.4/owl.carousel.min.js"></script>
    -->
    <script charset="utf-8" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/OwlCarousel2/2.3.4/owl.carousel.min.js"></script>

    <!-- todo update facebook code -->
    <style type="text/css">.fb_hidden{position:absolute;top:-10000px;z-index:10001}.fb_reposition{overflow:hidden;position:relative}.fb_invisible{display:none}.fb_reset{background:none;border:0;border-spacing:0;color:#000;cursor:auto;direction:ltr;font-family:"lucida grande", tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif;font-size:11px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1;margin:0;overflow:visible;padding:0;text-align:left;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0;text-shadow:none;text-transform:none;visibility:visible;white-space:normal;word-spacing:normal}.fb_reset>div{overflow:hidden}@keyframes fb_transform{from{opacity:0;transform:scale(.95)}to{opacity:1;transform:scale(1)}}.fb_animate{animation:fb_transform .3s forwards} .fb_dialog{background:rgba(82, 82, 82, .7);position:absolute;top:-10000px;z-index:10001}.fb_dialog_advanced{border-radius:8px;padding:10px}.fb_dialog_content{background:#fff;color:#373737}.fb_dialog_close_icon{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0 0 transparent;cursor:pointer;display:block;height:15px;position:absolute;right:18px;top:17px;width:15px}.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_close_icon{left:5px;right:auto;top:5px}.fb_dialog_padding{background-color:transparent;position:absolute;width:1px;z-index:-1}.fb_dialog_close_icon:hover{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0 -15px transparent}.fb_dialog_close_icon:active{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0 -30px transparent}.fb_dialog_iframe{line-height:0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_title{background:#6d84b4;border:1px solid #365899;color:#fff;font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;margin:0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_title>span{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yd/r/Cou7n-nqK52.gif) no-repeat 5px 50%;float:left;padding:5px 0 7px 26px}body.fb_hidden{height:100%;left:0;margin:0;overflow:visible;position:absolute;top:-10000px;transform:none;width:100%}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/ya/r/3rhSv5V8j3o.gif) white no-repeat 50% 50%;min-height:100%;min-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:0;z-index:10001}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading.centered{background:none;height:auto;min-height:initial;min-width:initial;width:auto}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading.centered #fb_dialog_loader_spinner{width:100%}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading.centered .fb_dialog_content{background:none}.loading.centered #fb_dialog_loader_close{clear:both;color:#fff;display:block;font-size:18px;padding-top:20px}#fb-root #fb_dialog_ipad_overlay{background:rgba(0, 0, 0, .4);bottom:0;left:0;min-height:100%;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:100%;z-index:10000}#fb-root #fb_dialog_ipad_overlay.hidden{display:none}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading iframe{visibility:hidden}.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_iframe{position:sticky;top:0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header{background:linear-gradient(from(#738aba), to(#2c4987));border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:#1d3c78;box-shadow:white 0 1px 1px -1px inset;color:#fff;font:bold 14px Helvetica, sans-serif;text-overflow:ellipsis;text-shadow:rgba(0, 30, 84, .296875) 0 -1px 0;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header table{height:43px;width:100%}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header td.header_left{font-size:12px;padding-left:5px;vertical-align:middle;width:60px}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header td.header_right{font-size:12px;padding-right:5px;vertical-align:middle;width:60px}.fb_dialog_content .touchable_button{background:linear-gradient(from(#4267B2), to(#2a4887));background-clip:padding-box;border:1px solid #29487d;border-radius:3px;display:inline-block;line-height:18px;margin-top:3px;max-width:85px;padding:4px 12px;position:relative}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header .touchable_button input{background:none;border:none;color:#fff;font:bold 12px Helvetica, sans-serif;margin:2px -12px;padding:2px 6px 3px 6px;text-shadow:rgba(0, 30, 84, .296875) 0 -1px 0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_header .header_center{color:#fff;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;line-height:18px;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_content{background:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/y9/r/jKEcVPZFk-2.gif) no-repeat 50% 50%;border:1px solid #4a4a4a;border-bottom:0;border-top:0;height:150px}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_footer{background:#f5f6f7;border:1px solid #4a4a4a;border-top-color:#ccc;height:40px}#fb_dialog_loader_close{float:left}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_close_button{text-shadow:rgba(0, 30, 84, .296875) 0 -1px 0}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_close_icon{visibility:hidden}#fb_dialog_loader_spinner{animation:rotateSpinner 1.2s linear infinite;background-color:transparent;background-image:url(https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/v3/yD/r/t-wz8gw1xG1.png);background-position:50% 50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;height:24px;width:24px}@keyframes rotateSpinner{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{transform:rotate(360deg)}} .fb_iframe_widget{display:inline-block;position:relative}.fb_iframe_widget span{display:inline-block;position:relative;text-align:justify}.fb_iframe_widget iframe{position:absolute}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop,.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop span,.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop iframe{max-width:100%}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid_desktop iframe{min-width:220px;position:relative}.fb_iframe_widget_lift{z-index:1}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid{display:inline}.fb_iframe_widget_fluid span{width:100%}</style>

    <!-- SHARE THIS-->

    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/share-this/1.3.1/share-this.js" integrity="sha512-YQH3AWzoNd5UBgAzelMJ0L74JzsE1RfD7zrTDfveB5Xm5j9PBCU+Q2tD4RavX2iVVAt4iJ/gi1mSRCbX/X55pw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/share-this/1.3.1/sharers/email.min.js" integrity="sha512-4+h27jVJhdlqWwk0hvKQX2Ow5TYcyRWaYwj5hhDem63JbmslVJHqJu29zQN/ZRM/Dbg4qi9nbbx6wRwmf/S2Yw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/share-this/1.3.1/sharers/facebook.min.js" integrity="sha512-Wh1ZDYa/KLkn2iK8a0D4FoZSqXbw1bRFCPjVs490MpcMFs1zHtMQMpqBVAqheGpRFLcGEMy/jnFmFx+6rbGJzw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/share-this/1.3.1/sharers/twitter.min.js" integrity="sha512-p0d6Rkeb1XLqCBlKVz7aF+UQNu4tGmAxT5NjJPYasGU8KmXvL8iEd8j/cvuJbqYK3HnVJqmf4ulWZvLx+2a4Fw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>

    <!-- insert#share-this-link 0 element 044 (moved from header) -->
    
    <!-- insert#share-this-link 1 element 044 (moved from header) -->

    <!-- src#page_script_src, page-specific script. Element 031 (moved from header to here) -->
    <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/public_page_topics_match_list.js?time=1729526934"></script>

    <!-- #insert#page-scripts 0 Element 041 (moved from header to here) -->
    <script type="text/javascript">

        var m_languageId = '2';
        var m_title = "Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration";
        var m_url_pch = 'http://www.pch.gc.ca/fra/1266037002102/1265993639778';
        var m_url_ut = 'http://www.utoronto.ca/';
        var m_url_ul = 'http://www2.ulaval.ca/accueil.html';
        var m_loggedIn = '';

        // BasePublicHelper variables
        var m_pageId = 'public_page_topics_match_list';
        var m_pageIdIsUnique = '';


        $(document).ready(function() {

            // here:getJavascriptOnReady
            renderBreadcrumbs();
        });
    </script>

    <!-- #insert#page-scripts 1 Element 041 -->

<script>
  var affixSettings = {
    offset: {
      top: 100,
      bottom: function() {
        return (this.bottom = $('.footer').outerHeight(true))
      }
    }
  };

   $('#myAffix').affix(affixSettings);
</script>

<!--LIGHT GALLERY -->
<script src="/js/prettify.js"></script>


<!-- replaced <script src="/js/picturefill.js?id=<?=$version?>"></script>
     recent   <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/picturefill/3.0.3/picturefill.min.js" integrity="sha512-Nh/FthCqOFq56kGp1DsNb6GKK29iIv2ZJc7Fylln1WRrWpeE5LjSBWeAp61dkBASDxZT12aL9mZyIrhsAqgRpw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>
     with     <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/picturefill/2.3.1/picturefill.min.js" integrity="sha512-O5Diz2AkqKWK7Lw4t8BnHF/47CLMPiGH9nT4A6U6+tZHCAq+jj3dA/Ngkc1LK3HmrThtjIemw5MtMrHwsV8tTg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>
-->
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/picturefill/2.3.1/picturefill.min.js" integrity="sha512-O5Diz2AkqKWK7Lw4t8BnHF/47CLMPiGH9nT4A6U6+tZHCAq+jj3dA/Ngkc1LK3HmrThtjIemw5MtMrHwsV8tTg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>


<!-- missing jtk-2020-01-a
<script src="/js/video.js?id=1001"></script>
-->
<script src="/js/transition.js"></script>

<!--
if link is replace locally on update. restore it to:
  with <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lightgallery/1.6.12/js/lightgallery-all.js" integrity="sha512-ib6swbZG+2gcZ5gtx5NIi4enGrvMry+1bAJRXG2KlWr+3rPkB8sPUmzBuKZBPegm8pD1IiRsXbQ1XWd+5HSLbA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>

-->
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lightgallery/1.6.12/js/lightgallery-all.js" integrity="sha512-ib6swbZG+2gcZ5gtx5NIi4enGrvMry+1bAJRXG2KlWr+3rPkB8sPUmzBuKZBPegm8pD1IiRsXbQ1XWd+5HSLbA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>

<!--
  replace <script src="/js/lg-fullscreen.js?id=<?=$version?>"></script>
  with <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lg-fullscreen/1.2.1/lg-fullscreen.min.js" integrity="sha512-GvMYZx1AUxtd+OYSc33H9DYX9qeT/OY90+O8kJ65cLXvSelNSgeytaxDV8bY58TeoZxz1HiqgAfpchczH7S8qA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>
-->
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lg-fullscreen/1.2.1/lg-fullscreen.min.js" integrity="sha512-GvMYZx1AUxtd+OYSc33H9DYX9qeT/OY90+O8kJ65cLXvSelNSgeytaxDV8bY58TeoZxz1HiqgAfpchczH7S8qA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>

<!--
  replace <script src="/js/lg-autoplay.js?id=<?=$version?>"></script>
  with <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lg-autoplay/1.0.4/lg-autoplay.min.js" integrity="sha512-MzBa78b0IGK8BBiW2gMkSkruc9ppE9bQVBMqiFf1fcMNQ2mDuNJejZh/aWGDvhtPDpChaevAAI8WRCeHBlYqRw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>
-->
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lg-autoplay/1.0.4/lg-autoplay.min.js" integrity="sha512-MzBa78b0IGK8BBiW2gMkSkruc9ppE9bQVBMqiFf1fcMNQ2mDuNJejZh/aWGDvhtPDpChaevAAI8WRCeHBlYqRw==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>

    <!-- insert#header-post-js 0 Element 043 -->

    <!-- insert#header-post-js 1 Element 043 -->

<!--
  replace <script src="/js/demos.js?id=<?=$version?>"></script>
  with nothing
  but if it turns out to be required with
-->


<!--BACK TO TOP -->


<!--
<div id="reader-mode-toast" class="alert alert-info"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-up"></span><?=$reader_caption?></div>
-->
<!-- Element 510 -->
<div id="reader-mode-exit"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary reader-mode-exit">Sortir du mode lecture</button></div>
<!--AFFIX-->
</body>
</html>